Summary

An "Engineering Research Series" title. This excellent and long awaited book is based upon extensive research carried out by the Institute of Tribology at the University of Leeds in the UK and the Ford Motor Company Ltd. It is concerned with both the theoretical and experimental study of the tribological performance of an automobile valve train, having an offset taper cam and a domed follower, incorporated with an hydraulic lash adjuster, with particular reference to the ZETA engine valve train.A sophisticated theoretical model has been developed that predicts the tribological performance of the valve train, and also provides a useful tool for the consideration of the tribological design of valve trains. Additionally the model can estimate the instantaneous and average rotational frequency of the follower, and the performance of the hydraulic lash adjuster.In order to validate the theoretical model, the experimental measurements have been correlated with the theoretical predictions that simulate the test conditions of the valve train. The agreement between the measurements and the predictions show that the model is very reliable. This gives readers great confidence in using the model when dealing with novel and alternative designs of the valve train.COMPLETE CONTENTS: Part One - Theoretical Formulation. Kinematics and dynamics of the cam and follower Hydraulic lash adjuster The maximum hertzian stresses Asperity interactions The oil film thickness Friction and power loss of the valve train The rotation of the follower The overall solution procedure and input/output data An example of the tribological analysis of a valve train. Part Two - Experimental Study. Test apparatus and the instrumentation Calibration of the instrumentation and commissioning tests Test procedure Data processing Experimental results and discussions Part Three - Correlation of theory and experiments. Experimental evidences Theoretical predictions Comparison of results and discussions Overall conclusions.

Author Biography

Dr. Guangrui Zhu gained his PhD on engine valve train tribology at the University of Leeds, UK in 1988. He has worked in an industry-based R&D environment since then. He has published numerous journal and conference papers on journal bearings, trust bearings, mechanical seals, and valve trains.

Professor Chris Taylor has researched in the area of lubrication for over 30 years, with engine tribology being a major theme in recent times.

Series Editor's Foreword	p. xi
Authors' Preface	p. xiii
Notation	p. 1
Introduction	p. 5
Theoretical Formulation
Kinematics and Dynamics of the Cam and Follower	p. 11
Introduction	p. 11
Kinematic analysis of a cam and domed follower pair	p. 11
The load at the cam/follower interface	p. 13
The solution procedure	p. 15
References	p. 15
Hydraulic Lash Adjuster	p. 17
Introduction	p. 17
Check valve closed	p. 17
The dynamics of the plunger	p. 17
The governing equation of the displacement	p. 19
Numerical analysis	p. 20
Check value open	p. 21
The dynamics of the plunger	p. 21
The governing equation of the displacement	p. 23
Numerical analysis	p. 24
The numerical solution procedure	p. 24
The Maximum Hertzian Stresses	p. 25
Introduction	p. 25
The contact geometry	p. 25
The maximum Hertzian stress	p. 27
The pressure distribution	p. 27
The solution procedure	p. 27
References	p. 28
Asperity Interactions	p. 29
Introduction	p. 29
The asperity contact force	p. 29
The real area of contact	p. 29
The asperity contact functions	p. 30
The solution procedure	p. 30
References	p. 31
The Oil Film Thickness	p. 33
Introduction	p. 33
The lubricant entraining velocity	p. 33
The central and the minimum film thickness	p. 35
The solution procedure	p. 35
References	p. 36
Friction and Power Loss of the Valve Train	p. 37
Introduction	p. 37
The friction of the cam and follower interface	p. 37
The friction due to shear of the lubricant	p. 37
The friction due to asperity contact	p. 38
The friction of the follower and bush interface	p. 38
The tilting of the follower	p. 39
The friction model	p. 41
The friction of the valve and guide interface	p. 42
The friction of the valve stem and valve seal interface	p. 43
Power loss of the valve train	p. 43
The solution procedure	p. 44
References	p. 44
The Rotation of the Follower	p. 45
Introduction	p. 45
The governing equation of the follower rotation	p. 45
The driving torque of the cam/follower interface	p. 46
The resisting torque of the follower/bush interface	p. 48
The resisting torque of the valve stem/plunger interface	p. 49
The solution procedure	p. 49
References	p. 50
The Overall Solution Procedure and Input and Output Data	p. 51
Introduction	p. 51
Input data	p. 51
The kinematic analysis	p. 51
The analysis of the hydraulic lash adjuster	p. 51
Estimating the initial value of the follower rotational frequency	p. 52
The tribological analysis of the valve train	p. 54
The friction torque of the camshaft and average power loss	p. 54
The output data	p. 54
An Example of the Tribological Analysis of a Valve Train	p. 57
Introduction	p. 57
Parameters of the intake valve train of the ZETEC engine	p. 57
Results of the tribological analysis	p. 59
A brief discussion of the results	p. 59
References	p. 60
Experimental Study
Introduction to Experimental Study	p. 87
Preamble	p. 87
The background of the current experimental study	p. 88
The aim of the experimental study	p. 88
References	p. 89
Test Apparatus and the Instrumentation	p. 91
Introduction	p. 91
The hydraulic lash adjuster	p. 91
The data acquisition system	p. 91
Monitoring the follower rotation	p. 93
Locating the cam position	p. 94
Sampling the torque of the camshaft	p. 94
References	p. 95
Calibration of the Instrumentation and Commissioning Tests	p. 97
Introduction	p. 97
Calibration of the instrumentation	p. 97
The calibration to the torque measurement system	p. 97
The parasitic friction of the test apparatus	p. 99
The calibration for monitoring the follower rotation	p. 99
Commissioning tests	p. 100
Improving the signal for the follower rotation	p. 100
Tests at different camshaft rotational frequencies	p. 101
References	p. 101
The Test Procedure	p. 103
Introduction	p. 103
The running-in of the valve train	p. 103
The loop test	p. 103
The duration test	p. 104
Tests at different bulk temperatures	p. 105
References	p. 106
The Data Processing	p. 107
Introduction	p. 107
The torque on the camshaft	p. 107
The rotational frequency of the follower	p. 107
The camshaft trigger signal	p. 108
References	p. 109
Experimental Results and Discussions	p. 111
Introduction	p. 111
Experimental variables and the test condition	p. 111
Experimental results and discussions	p. 112
The friction torque and power loss of the valve train	p. 112
The rotational frequency of the follower	p. 113
Inspection of the cam and the follower	p. 121
Conclusions	p. 122
References	p. 124
Correlation of Theory and Experiments
Introduction to Correlation of Theory and Experiments	p. 127
The Experimental Evidence	p. 129
The Theoretical Predictions	p. 131
Introduction	p. 131
Kinematics and dynamics of the valve train	p. 131
The cam/follower interface	p. 131
The follower/bore interface	p. 132
The hydraulic lash adjuster	p. 133
The rotation of the follower	p. 133
References	p. 133
The Comparison of Results and Discussions	p. 135
Introduction	p. 135
The input data of the model simulating the test conditions	p. 135
The results of comparison and discussions	p. 137
The average friction torque	p. 137
The instantaneous torque on the camshaft	p. 140
The instantaneous friction torque on the camshaft	p. 140
The average follower rotational frequency	p. 145
The instantaneous follower rotational frequency	p. 146
Conclusions	p. 149
References	p. 149
Overall Conclusions	p. 151
Index	p. 153
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

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Tribological Analysis and Design of a Modern Automobile Cam and Follower

9781860582035

1860582036

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