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Deep Earth: Physics and Chemistry of the Lower Mantle and Core highlights recent advances and the latest views of the deep Earth from theoretical, experimental, and observational approaches and offers insight into future research directions on the deep Earth. In recent years, we have just reached a stage where we can perform measurements at the conditions of the center part of the Earth using state-of-the-art techniques, and many reports on the physical and chemical properties of the deep Earth have come out very recently. Novel theoretical models have been complementary to this breakthrough. These new inputs enable us to compare directly with results of precise geophysical and geochemical observations. This volume highlights the recent significant advancements in our understanding of the deep Earth that have occurred as a result, including contributions from mineral/rock physics, geophysics, and geochemistry that relate to the topics of:
I. Thermal structure of the lower mantle and core
II. Structure, anisotropy, and plasticity of deep Earth materials
III. Physical properties of the deep interior
IV. Chemistry and phase relations in the lower mantle and core
V. Volatiles in the deep Earth
The volume will be a valuable resource for researchers and students who study the Earth's interior. The topics of this volume are multidisciplinary, and therefore will be useful to students from a wide variety of fields in the Earth Sciences.
Hidenori Terasaki is a Professor in the Department of Earth and Space Science at Osaka University. Hidenori’s research focuses on studying the earth interior composition, with particular emphasis on measuring density, viscosity, interfacial tension, temperature and pressure related to mantle and core properties and formation. He is a recipient of the young scientist research award in the Mineralogical Society of Japan and Japan Society of High Pressure Science and Technology. He is a member of the American Geophysical Union, The Japan Society of High Pressure Science and Technology, The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences and The Japanese Society for Planetary Science.
Rebecca Fischer is a PhD candidate in the Department of the Geophysical Sciences at the University of Chicago. Her research focuses on the formation and chemical evolution of the Earth, with particular focus emphasis on the physical and chemical properties of minerals and melts at extreme conditions. She uses diamond anvil cells and laser-heating to experimentally recreate the high pressures (up to >150 GPa) and high temperatures (several thousand K) of the Earth’s deep interior, combined with numerical simulations of accretion. She has been the recipient of organizational fellowships and scholarships (NSF) for her scholarly research on the Interior of the Earth.
Preface ix
Part I: Thermal Strucure of Deep Earth 1
1 Melting of Fe Alloys and the Thermal Structure of the CoreRebecca A. Fischer 3
2 Temperature of the Lower Mantle and Core Based on Ab Initio Mineral Physics DataTaku Tsuchiya, Kenji Kawai, Xianlong Wang, Hiroki Ichikawa, and Haruhiko Dekura 13
3 Heat Transfer in the Core and MantleAbby Kavner and Emma S. G. Rainey 31
4 Thermal State and Evolution of the Earth Core and Deep MantleStéphane Labrosse 43
Part II: Structures, Anisotropy, and Plasticity of Deep Earth Materials 55
5 Crystal Structures of Core MaterialsRazvan Caracas 57
6 Crystal Structures of Minerals in the Lower MantleJune K. Wicks and Thomas S. Duffy 69
7 Deformation of Core and Lower Mantle MaterialsSébastien Merkel and Patrick Cordier 89
8 Using Mineral Analogs to Understand the Deep EarthSimon A. T. Redfern 101
Part III: Physical Properties of Deep Interior 111
9 Ground Truth: Seismological Properties of the CoreGeorge Helffrich 113
10 Physical Properties of the Inner CoreDaniele Antonangeli 121
11 Physical Properties of the Outer CoreHidenori Terasaki 129
Part IV: Chemistry and Phase Relations of Deep Interior 143
12 The Composition of the Lower Mantle and CoreWilliam F. McDonough 145
13 Metal-Silicate Partitioning of Siderophile Elements and Core-Mantle Segregation Kevin Righter 161
14 Mechanisms and Geochemical Models of Core FormationDavid C. Rubie and Seth A. Jacobson 181
15 Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamics of Core MaterialsAndrew J. Campbell 191
16 Chemistry of Core-Mantle BoundaryJohn W. Hernlund 201
17 Phase Transition and Melting in the Deep Lower MantleKei Hirose 209
18 Chemistry of the Lower MantleDaniel J. Frost and Robert Myhill 225
19 Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamics of Lower Mantle MaterialsSusannah M. Dorfman 241
Part V: Volatiles in Deep Interior 253
20 Hydrogen in the Earth’s Core: Review of the Structural, Elastic, and Thermodynamic Properties of Iron-Hydrogen AlloysCaitlin A. Murphy 255
21 Stability of Hydrous Minerals and Water Reservoirs in the Deep Earth InteriorEiji Ohtani, Yohei Amaike, Seiji Kamada, Itaru Ohira, and Izumi Mashino 265
22 Carbon in the CoreBin Chen and Jie Li 277
Index 289
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