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9780471738107

Becoming an Ethical Helping Professional

by ; ; ; ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780471738107

  • ISBN10:

    0471738107

  • Edition: 1st
  • Format: Paperback w/Disk
  • Copyright: 2006-12-01
  • Publisher: Wiley
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Summary

This thought-provoking and engaging new text from authors Rita and John Sommers-Flanagan challenges readers to consider ethical issues in a wide variety of counseling settings and specialties in the context of their philosophical roots, not just as "rules" that must be carried out to avoid penalty.

Author Biography

RITA SOMMERS-FLANAGAN, PhD, is Professor of Counseling and Director of Women's Studies at the University of Montana.

JOHN SOMMERS-FLANAGAN, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Counseling at the University of Montana and a mental health consultant with Trapper Creek Job Corps. He also maintains a private practice.

Rita and John are the authors of two previous texts: Clinical Interviewing, now in its third edition, and Counseling and Psychotherapy Theories in Context and Practice: Skills, Strategies, and Techniques (both from Wiley).

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments xvii
About the Authors xix
About the Contributors xxi
Preface xxiii
Section One: The Foundation
Counseling Ethics and the Big Picture
3(17)
Chapter Orientation
3(1)
Defining the Terms
4(1)
Ethics and Morals
4(1)
Morality, Ethics, and Essence
5(1)
The Role of Ethics in the Professions
5(1)
The Role of Morality in Human Culture
6(3)
Are There Universal Morals?
9(2)
Tension between Relativism and Absolutism
9(1)
The Dialectic of the Moral Life
9(2)
Global Human Rights
11(1)
Moral Values, Rules, and Principles
12(1)
Professional Identity: Power and Peril
13(1)
Attributes of Professional Helping: Common Ground
14(1)
Professional Organizations and Associations
15(1)
And Who Is the Client?
16(3)
Chapter Wrap-Up
19(1)
Philosophical and Culture: Roots and Prisms
20(33)
Chapter Orientation
20(1)
Exploring Moral Philosophies
21(3)
Character or Virtue Ethics
24(4)
Defining Virtue
25(1)
Character Development
26(1)
The Golden Mean
26(1)
Rationality, Emotions, and Habits
27(1)
Doing the Right Thing
27(1)
Current Expressions of Character Ethics
28(1)
Deontological Ethics
28(4)
Kant and Moral Duties
29(2)
John Rawls and Social Justice
31(1)
Utilitarian or Consequentialist Ethics
32(2)
The Contributions of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill
33(1)
Current Adherents and Approaches
33(1)
Situation Ethics
34(1)
The Principles Approach
35(1)
Bioethics and Mid-Level Principles
36(1)
Alternative Cultural Views on Morality and Ethics
37(14)
Religion's Interactive Relationship with Ethics
37(1)
Traditional Asian Ethics
38(6)
African Ethics
44(1)
American Indian Ethics
45(3)
Feminist Ethics and the Ethics of Care
48(3)
Chapter Wrap-Up
51(2)
Ethics Codes, Codes of Conduct, Employer Policies, and the Law
53(28)
Chapter Orientation
53(1)
Why Codes?
54(2)
Recognizing the Moral Dimensions of Professional Knowledge
54(1)
Legal Concerns and Fears as a Driving Force
55(1)
Functions of the Codes
56(2)
Distinctions between Codes and Laws
58(1)
Policies and Practices
59(2)
Policies within Schools and Agencies
59(2)
Standard of Care or Acceptable Practices
61(1)
Guidelines, Codes of Behavior, and Mission Statements
61(10)
Mission Statements
62(6)
Ethical Decision-Making Guides
68(1)
Decisions about Decisions
68(3)
Ethical Considerations in Crisis Counseling
71(3)
Using Ethical Principles to Guide Crisis Work
74(6)
Beneficence
75(1)
Nonmaleficence
76(1)
Justice
77(1)
Autonomy
77(1)
Fidelity
78(2)
Chapter Wrap-Up
80(1)
Professional Identity Development: Values and Definitions
81(28)
Chapter Orientation
81(1)
The Intricacies of Helping
82(3)
Why People Become Professional Helpers
83(1)
Motives for Helping and the Golden Mean
83(2)
The Intersection of Motivations and Values
85(6)
When Values Contrast in Interesting Ways
90(1)
When Values Clash
90(1)
When Shared Values Present Challenges
90(1)
Moral Sensitivity and Clinical Concerns
91(1)
Choices about Displaying Values
92(1)
Care for the Caring
93(1)
Anxieties That Are (or Should Be) Common to Graduate Students
94(4)
The Imposter Syndrome
96(1)
The Invisible Knapsack
97(1)
Burnout Awareness and Prevention
98(5)
Factors and Symptoms of Stress and Burnout
99(3)
Resilience and Hardiness
102(1)
Weaving the Strands Together
103(1)
Chapter Wrap-Up
104(5)
Section Two: The Day to Day Challenges Common to All
The Helping Relationship: From Beginning to End
109(26)
Chapter Orientation
109(1)
Before the Beginning
110(3)
Portraying Yourself and Your Services
110(1)
Officing Yourself
111(2)
Informed Consent and Informed Refusal
113(13)
Autonomy for All?
114(2)
Informed Refusal
116(3)
The Nuts and Bolts
119(3)
Legal Concerns
122(1)
Considerations for Particular Populations
122(4)
The First Session: Competency and Referral
126(2)
When Your Skills and Client Needs Do Not Match
128(2)
Technology Rears Its Ugly (Beautiful?) Head
130(1)
Ending Well
131(3)
Chapter Wrap-Up
134(1)
Confidentiality and Trust
135(25)
Chapter Orientation
135(1)
Confidentiality and the Therapeutic Relationship
136(4)
Professional Dimensions of Confidentiality
136(2)
Why Confidentiality?
138(2)
The Limits of Confidentiality and Their Evolution
140(1)
Categories of Exceptions to Confidentiality
141(11)
Protection of Self and Others
141(6)
Communication with Office Staff and Other Professionals
147(1)
Communication with Funding Sources or Third Party Payers
148(1)
Depositions, Subpoenas, and Court Orders
149(3)
Summarizing the Limits and Exceptions
152(1)
Technology and the Internet
152(2)
Particular Populations and Confidentiality Concerns
154(3)
Children and Adolescents
154(1)
Confidentiality Concerns in Families, Couples, and Groups
155(2)
Mandatory or Involuntary Clients
157(1)
Professional Record Keeping
157(2)
Chapter Wrap-Up
159(1)
Boundaries, Roles, and Limits
160(28)
Chapter Orientation
160(1)
Introduction to Roles, Boundaries, and Relationship Rules
161(1)
Why All the Fuss about Boundaries and Relationships?
162(1)
Distinctive Aspects of Professional Helping Relationships
163(5)
Transference
164(2)
Countertransference
166(2)
Client Indignation or Relief
168(1)
Ethics Codes and Terms
168(3)
Boundaries, Roles, Timing, and Informed Consent
171(5)
Boundary Overlaps That Predate the Professional Relationship
172(2)
Boundary Overlaps During the Professional Relationship
174(1)
Postprofessional Relationship Boundary Considerations
175(1)
Practices and Techniques with Boundary Implications
176(3)
Gift Giving and Receiving
176(2)
Self-Disclosure
178(1)
Considerations about Touch
179(1)
Assessing Potential Benefit and Harm
179(3)
Little Communities, Big Boundaries?
182(1)
Romance, Sex, Love, and Lust
183(3)
Sex Before or After?
186(1)
Chapter Wrap-Up
187(1)
Assessment, Evaluation, Testing: Peering Through the Right Lenses
188(23)
Chapter Orientation
188(1)
The Roots and Nature of Assessment
189(1)
The ABCs of Ethical Assessment
190(5)
Assessment Requires Judgment
190(1)
The Assessment Continuum
191(1)
Practitioner as Instrument
192(1)
Informed Consent and Confidentiality
192(3)
Multi-Method, Multi-Source Assessment
195(1)
Informal Assessment
195(2)
Observational Strategies
196(1)
Using Art and Drawings in Assessment
196(1)
Clinical Interviewing
197(1)
Assessment and Science
198(1)
Testing
199(2)
Formal Evaluations
201(1)
Psychological Evaluations
201(1)
Social, Learning, Career, and Need-Based Evaluations
202(1)
Diagnosis and the DSM System
202(2)
The Purpose of Diagnosis
204(2)
The XYZs of Ethical Assessment
206(4)
Be Mindful of Issues in Technology and Setting
206(1)
Use the Least Severe Diagnostic Label
206(1)
Recognize That All Assessment Procedures Are Flawed
207(1)
Honoring Client Perspectives
207(1)
Be Attentive to Diversity Issues and Potential Misuse
207(3)
Chapter Wrap-Up
210(1)
Competence, Accountability, and Research: How We Know What We Should Know
211(24)
Chapter Orientation
211(1)
Competence: You'll Know It When You See It?
212(1)
Defining the Minimal Boundaries of Competence
212(2)
Education and Training
213(1)
Supervised Experience
213(1)
State and National Professional Credentials
213(1)
Appropriate Professional Experience
214(1)
Specialties, Specialization, and Competence
214(1)
Ongoing Competence and Self-Assessment
215(2)
Competence, Accountability, and Research Evidence
217(1)
Counseling and Psychotherapy Outcomes Research
218(3)
Searching for Compromise: Evidence-Based Practice Principles
221(5)
Evidence-Based Mental Health Practice
222(1)
Evidence-Based School Counseling Practice
223(2)
Outcomes Research on Divergent Minority Groups
225(1)
Ethical Concerns in Research and Publication
226(6)
Research with Multicultural and Vulnerable Populations
227(1)
Research and Informed Consent
228(1)
Ethics in Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Designs
229(1)
Ethical Concerns with Funding and Findings
229(2)
Research Topics: Choosing Wisely
231(1)
Chapter Wrap-Up
232(3)
Section Three: Specific Specialties and Professional Identities
Counseling in the Schools
235(28)
John Sommers-Flanagan
Nancy Bodenhorn
Rita Sommers-Flanagan
Chapter Orientation
235(1)
Professional School Counseling
236(3)
The History
236(1)
The Transformations
237(2)
Why Are School Counseling Ethics So Challenging?
239(8)
A School Is a School Is a School
240(5)
The Role and Function of the Professional School Counselor
245(1)
General Guidelines for School Counselors
246(1)
Confidentiality: A Common Conundrum
247(3)
Sexual Abuse
248(1)
Sexual Harassment
249(1)
FERPA, Records, and Sole Possession Records
249(1)
Informed Consent(s): An Increasingly Important Practice
250(2)
With and For Students
251(1)
For Parents
251(1)
Legal Concerns
252(1)
Subpoenas and Testifying
252(1)
Negligence
253(1)
Multiple Relationships: Many Hats, One School
253(2)
With Students
253(1)
With Colleagues
254(1)
Managing Consultation Relationships
254(1)
Assessment and Accountability
254(1)
Hot Counseling Topics and Concerns
255(4)
Counseling in the Event of an Unwanted Pregnancy
255(1)
Dangerous Behaviors: Sex, Drugs, Eating Disorders, and More
256(2)
Suicidal Threats or Behaviors
258(1)
Career Counseling and College Guidance
259(1)
Diversity Issues
259(1)
Working Ethically with Groups in Schools
260(2)
An Ethical Decision-Making Model for School Counselors
262(1)
Chapter Wrap-Up
262(1)
Psychotherapy, Mental Health Counseling, and Career Counseling
263(24)
Chapter Orientation
263(1)
Mental Health Counseling: Roots and Directions
264(1)
Distinguishing and Common Features Among Mental Health Professions
264(7)
Nature of Human Health and Distress
265(1)
Educational Backgrounds
265(4)
Terminology Distinctions
269(1)
Professional Organizations
270(1)
Issues in Agency and Independent Practice
271(12)
Health Insurance, Managed Care, and Fees
271(4)
Self-Pay Issues and Problems
275(3)
Confidentiality with Other Professionals
278(1)
Competence and Supervision
279(2)
Professional Representation
281(2)
Ethical Concerns in Career Counseling
283(3)
Speciality Competencies and Credentials
284(1)
Specific Ethical Concerns and Challenges
284(2)
Chapter Wrap-Up
286(1)
More Specialties: Families, Couples, Rehabilitation, Addictions, Pastoral
287(25)
Chapter Orientation
287(1)
Introduction: Why These Specialties?
288(1)
Couple and Family Therapy
289(6)
Definition and Origins
289(1)
Professional Identity
290(1)
Specific Ethical Concerns and Challenges
291(4)
Rehabilitation Counseling
295(3)
Definition and Origins
295(1)
Professional Identity
295(1)
Specific Ethical Concerns and Challenges
296(2)
Addictions Counseling
298(5)
Definition and Origins
299(1)
Professional Identity
300(1)
Specific Ethical Concerns and Challenges
300(3)
Pastoral Counseling
303(4)
Definition and Origins
303(1)
Professional Identity
304(1)
Specific Ethical Concerns and Challenges
305(2)
Beyond Specialty
307(3)
Personal Coaching
308(1)
Spiritual Direction
309(1)
Chapter Wrap-Up
310(2)
Teaching, Mentoring, Supervision
312(21)
Chapter Orientation
312(1)
Alpha, Omega: Beginning and End
312(2)
Moral Philosophy and Professional Elderhood
314(2)
Deontological Dimensions
314(1)
Utilitarian Usefulness
314(1)
Character Concerns
315(1)
Teaching: The Transforming Force of Knowledge
316(6)
Client Welfare
316(1)
Teaching Competence
317(1)
Teaching Relationship
318(3)
Teaching and Technology
321(1)
Supervision: Undergirding and Oversight
322(9)
Client Welfare
323(1)
Supervision Dimensions and Competencies
324(3)
Multicultural Competence
327(2)
Supervisory Relationships
329(2)
Technology and Supervision
331(1)
Chapter Wrap-Up
331(2)
Epilogue
333(6)
A Life-Long Balancing Act
333(1)
No One Is Perfect
333(3)
Unreported, Unaccused, but Unethical
334(1)
If You Are Accused
334(1)
If You Know of Unethical Behavior
335(1)
Best Practices and Likely Concerns
336(1)
A Fond Farewell
337(2)
References 339(28)
Appendix A: Universal Declaration of Human Rights 367(6)
Author Index 373(12)
Subject Index 385(8)
About the DVD 393

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