Propagation Channel Characterization, Parameter Estimation, and Modeling for Wireless Communications

A comprehensive reference giving a thorough explanation of propagation mechanisms, channel characteristics results, measurement approaches and the modelling of channels

Thoroughly covering channel characteristics and parameters, this book provides the knowledge needed to design various wireless systems, such as cellular communication systems, RFID and ad hoc wireless communication systems. It gives a detailed introduction to aspects of channels before presenting the novel estimation and modelling techniques which can be used to achieve accurate models.  

To systematically guide readers through the topic, the book is organised in three distinct parts. The first part covers the fundamentals of the characterization of propagation channels, including the conventional single-input single-output (SISO) propagation channel characterization as well as its extension to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) cases. Part two focuses on channel measurements and channel data post-processing. Wideband channel measurements are introduced, including the equipment, technology and advantages and disadvantages of different data acquisition schemes. The channel parameter estimation methods are then presented, which include conventional spectral-based estimation, the specular-path-model based high-resolution method, and the newly derived power spectrum estimation methods. Measurement results are used to compare the performance of the different estimation methods. The third part gives a complete introduction to different modelling approaches. Among them, both scattering theoretical channel modelling and measurement-based channel modelling approaches are detailed. This part also approaches how to utilize these two modelling approaches to investigate wireless channels for conventional cellular systems and some new emerging communication systems.  This three-part approach means the book caters for the requirements of the audiences at different levels, including readers needing introductory knowledge, engineers who are looking for more advanced understanding, and expert researchers in wireless system design as a reference.

• Presents technical explanations, illustrated with examples of the theory in practice
• Discusses results applied to 4G communication systems and other emerging communication systems, such as relay, CoMP, and vehicle-to-vehicle rapid time-variant channels
• Can be used as comprehensive tutorial for students or a complete reference for engineers in industry
• Includes selected illustrations in color
• Program downloads available for readers
• Companion website with program downloads for readers and presentation slides and solution manual for instructors

Essential reading for Graduate students and researchers interested in the characteristics of propagation channel, or who work in areas related to physical layer architectures, air interfaces, navigation, and wireless sensing

Xuefeng Yin, Tongji University, China
Xuefeng Yin is an Associate Professor in the Department of Electronics at Tongji University in Shanghai ,China. Previously, Yin worked for five years as a System Engineering with Motorola Infrastructure Company in Hangzhou, China, and as Assistant Professor at Aalborg University (AAU) in Denmark. During his time at AAU, he developed the SAGE algorithm with Bernard Henri Fleury. He holds a B.S. in Optoelectronics from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in wireless communications from Aalborg University.

Xiang Cheng, Peking University, China
Xiang Cheng is an Assistant Professor with the Institute of Modern Communications within the School of Electronics Engineering and Computing Sciences at Peking University. Previously, he held a joint appointment as Postdoc Research Associate at the University of Edinburgh and Heriot-Watt University,  where he was awarded a Postgraduate Research Prize and a PhD Thesis Prize  for academic excellence and outstanding performance. He holds BSc and MEng degrees in communication and information systems from Shandong University, China, and a joint Ph.D. degree from Heriot-Watt University and the University of Edinburgh.

Preface xi

List of Acronyms and Symbols xiii

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Book Objective 1

1.2 The Historical Context 2

1.3 Book Outline 8

2 Characterization of Propagation Channels 15

2.1 Three Phenomena in Wireless Channels 15

2.2 Path Loss and Shadowing 16

2.3 Multipath Fading 18

2.4 Stochastic Characterization of Multipath Fading 22

2.5 Duality of Multipath Fading 26

2.6 WSSUS Assumption of Multipath Fading 28

2.7 A Review of Propagation Channel Modeling 31

3 Generic Channel Models 41

3.1 Channel Spread Function 43

3.2 Specular-path Model 46

3.3 Dispersive-path Model 51

3.4 Time-evolution Model 54

3.5 Power Spectral Density Model 57

3.6 Model for Keyhole Channel 68

4 Geometry-based Stochastic Channel Modeling 77

4.1 General Modeling Procedure 77

4.2 Regular-shaped Geometry-based Stochastic Models 79

4.3 Irregular-shaped Geometry-based Stochastic Models 83

4.4 Simulation Models 84

4.5 Simulation Models for Non-isotropic Scattering Narrowband SISO V2V Rayleigh Fading Channels 90

5 Channel Measurements 106

5.1 Channel-sounding Equipment/System 107

5.2 Post-processing of Measurement Data 109

5.3 Impact of Phase Noise and Possible Solutions 110

5.4 Directional Radiation Patterns 117

5.5 Switching-mode Selection 124

6 Deterministic Channel-parameter Estimation 145

6.1 Bartlett Beamformer 146

6.2 The MUSIC Algorithm 148

6.3 The ESPRIT and Propagator Methods 150

6.4 Maximum-likelihood Method 152

6.5 The SAGE Algorithm 153

6.6 A Brief Introduction to the RiMAX Algorithm 172

6.7 Evidence-framework-based Algorithms 172

6.8 Extended Kalman-filter-based Tracking Algorithm 178

6.9 Particle-filter-based Tracking Algorithm 188

7 Statistical Channel-parameter Estimation 201

7.1 A Brief Review of Dispersive Parameter Estimators 201

7.2 Dispersive Component Estimation Algorithms 203

7.3 PSD-based Dispersive Component Estimation 218

7.4 Bidirection-delay-Doppler Frequency PSD Estimation 219

8 Measurement-based Statistical Channel Modeling 236

8.1 General Modeling Procedures 237

8.2 Clustering Algorithm based on Specular-path Models 241

8.3 Data Segment-length Selection 245

8.4 Relay and CoMP Channel Modeling 249

9 In Practice: Channel Modeling for Modern Communication Systems 260

9.1 Scenarios for V2V and Cooperative Communications 260

9.2 Channel Characteristics 264

9.3 Scattering Theoretical Channel Models for Conventional Cellular MIMO Systems 265

9.4 Scattering Theoretical Channel Models for V2V Systems 279

9.5 Scattering Theoretical Channel Models for Cooperative MIMO Systems 329

Appendix A 353

Bibliography 378

Index 379

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