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9780910251792

Both Gains and Gaps

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780910251792

  • ISBN10:

    0910251797

  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 1996-01-01
  • Publisher: Venture Pub

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Summary

This publication is a "book-in-progress" that elaborates on issues about women, gender, and leisure across the life span. The text is an update of Leisure of One's Own (1989) and contains 80% new, revised, and updated material. Although many gains have been made in understanding women's leisure, much remains to be learned. Both Gains and Gaps provides further information about women and the issues that surround both the gains and gaps associated with the construct we commonly call leisure. This textbook serves as an introduction to issues and questions concerning women and leisure. Building on both leisure studies and women's studies, Henderson, Bialeschki, Shaw, and Freysinger offer a social-psychological analysis of women and their leisure from feminist perspectives. No prior knowledge of women's studies or leisure studies is assumed in this definitive work.

Table of Contents

Preface xiii
Chapter One Women and Leisure: The Journey of 1,000 Miles Begins with a Single Step
1(26)
A Bit of Background for the Journey
3(1)
Basic Assumptions About Women
4(5)
Differences
5(1)
Oppression
6(2)
Diversity
8(1)
Changing Women's Leisure
9(2)
Why Study Women?
11(2)
Feminist Approaches
13(5)
Feminist Research
15(1)
Feminist Ethics
16(1)
The Meaning of Gender
17(1)
Why Study Women and Leisure?
18(4)
A Definition of Leisure
19(1)
Women's Leisure
20(2)
Social Psychological/Sociological Perspectives on Leisure
22(2)
Concluding Perspectives
24(1)
Discussion Questions
25(2)
Chapter Two Many Voices: Historical Perspectives on Women's Leisure
27(44)
Women's History
28(3)
The Victorian Ideal
31(4)
Family and Women's Leisure
35(5)
Historical Perceptions About the American Family
35(3)
Socialized Family Roles
38(2)
Work in Relation to Women's Leisure
40(5)
The Interaction of Women's Leisure and Social Reform Movements
45(3)
The Influence of the Early Women's Movement on Leisure
48(3)
Recreation Activity and Leisure Experiences of Women
51(9)
Spectating
52(1)
Taking Up Activity
52(2)
Recreation Clubs
54(1)
Social Control of Leisure
55(3)
Addressing Girls' and Women's Needs
58(2)
Homophobia and Women's Leisure
60(2)
Influence of the Contemporary Women's Movement
62(4)
Title IX
63(2)
Leisure Today
65(1)
Learning About the Past Helps Us Understand the Present
66(2)
Concluding Perspectives
68(1)
Discussion Questions
69(2)
Chapter Three Feminisms: Fact and Fiction
71(28)
A Feminist View of the World
72(3)
Goals of Feminism
74(1)
The Holograph of Feminism
74(1)
Feminisms
75(11)
Liberal Feminism
76(2)
Marxist Feminism
78(2)
Radical Feminism
80(2)
Socialist Feminism
82(2)
Additional Feminisms
84(2)
Feminist Consciousness
86(2)
The Value of Feminist Theory
88(3)
The Backlash to Feminism
91(3)
Perspectives on Feminism and Leisure
94(3)
Concluding Perspectives
97(1)
Discussion Questions
98(1)
Chapter Four Elusive, Yet Real: The Meanings of Leisure in Women's Everyday Life
99(24)
The Leisure Experience
100(1)
Defining the Social Psychological Dimensions of Leisure
101(2)
Leisure Experiences as Shared Meanings, But
103(1)
Freedom and Constraint
104(3)
Leisure as Positive Experience: Time for Self, Connections, and Autonomous Action
107(4)
Self
107(1)
Connections (Affiliative Leisure)
108(1)
Autonomy (Self-Determined Leisure)
109(2)
Women's Leisure Containers
111(2)
Leisure Meanings and Life Situations
113(1)
Leisure Enablers
114(2)
Benefits of Leisure for Women
116(4)
Health Benefits
116(1)
Relational Benefits
117(1)
Personal Benefits
118(1)
Societal Benefits
119(1)
Concluding Perspectives
120(1)
Discussion Questions
121(2)
Chapter Five The "Gender Journey:" Child and Adolescent Development
123(26)
Perspectives on Age and Development
124(4)
Organismic and Biological Growth Models
125(1)
Mechanistic and External Process Model
126(1)
Recognizing the Limitations
127(1)
Childhood and Adolescence: Play, Recreation, and Leisure
128(18)
The Play and Recreation of Girls in Childhood
130(3)
The Recreation and Leisure of Adolescent Girls
133(13)
Identity Development, Recreation and Leisure
134(4)
Physical Development, Recreation and Leisure
138(3)
Cognitive Development, Recreation, and Leisure
141(2)
Other Influences on Girls' Play, Recreation, and Leisure
143(3)
Concluding Perspectives
146(1)
Discussion Questions
147(2)
Chapter Six When I Get Old....: Leisure Across the Course of Adulthood
149(30)
Perspectives on Adult Development
150(2)
The Roles and Psychosocial Issues that Define Women's Development
152(10)
Roles and Events
152(3)
Psychosocial Tasks and Issues
155(7)
Developmental Tasks and Psychosocial Crises
155(1)
Gender Influences
156(3)
Reconstructing Gender
159(1)
Other Dimensions of Women's Development
159(3)
Stability and Change in Leisure
162(14)
Developmental Models of Leisure
163(6)
A Family Life Cycle Model
163(3)
A Model of Personal Expressivity
166(2)
A Model of Leisure Continuity
168(1)
Leisure Motivation, Meanings, and Activity Across Adulthood
169(7)
Motivation and Meanings
170(2)
Activity
172(4)
Concluding Perspectives
176(1)
Discussion Questions
177(2)
Chapter Seven "Just Do It" Is Not So Easy: Participation, Constraints, and Possibilities
179(34)
Leisure Participation
180(4)
Women's Leisure Activities and Settings
184(11)
Family Activities
184(2)
Social Activities with Friends
186(1)
Sexual Behavior and Intimacy
187(2)
Sports, Fitness, and Outdoor Activities
189(1)
Television and Media
190(2)
Other Activities: Church, Volunteering, and Education
192(2)
Time for Self and Time Alone
194(1)
Leisure Constraints
195(11)
Intrapersonal Constraints
197(3)
Interpersonal Constraints
200(3)
Structural Constraints
203(3)
Leisure as Constraining
206(1)
Overcoming Constraints
207(3)
Concluding Perspectives
210(1)
Discussion Questions
211(2)
Chapter Eight Making Women's Leisure Visible: "Sniffing Around" and Doing Feminist Research
213(24)
What Is Feminist Research?
214(3)
Characteristics of Feminist Research
215(2)
Historical Perspectives on Research About Women's Leisure
217(4)
Invisible (Womanless) Scholarship
218(1)
Compensatory (Add Women and Stir) Scholarship
218(1)
Dichotomous (Sex Differences) Scholarship
219(1)
Feminist (Women-Centered) Scholarship
219(1)
Gender Scholarship
220(1)
Feminisms and Leisure Research
221(1)
Feminist Approaches to Leisure Research
222(1)
Feminist Methods of Research
223(2)
A Critique of Previous Research on Women's Leisure
225(5)
The Complexity of Behavior
225(1)
A Critique of Definitions of Leisure
226(2)
A Critique of Leisure and Gender Differences
228(2)
Correcting Research on Women's Leisure
230(1)
The Transformative Power of Feminist Scholarship for the Study of Leisure
231(1)
Cautions in Doing Feminist Leisure Research
232(2)
Concluding Perspectives
234(1)
Discussion Questions
235(2)
Chapter Nine "She Who Continues:" Changing/Enhancing Women's Leisure
237(24)
The Complexity of Changing/Enhancing Women's Leisure
238(3)
What Society and Social Institutions Can Do
241(3)
What Individuals Can Do
244(3)
Changing the Provision of Leisure Services
247(6)
Feminist Ethics Applied to Leisure Services
248(1)
The Meanings of Feminist Leadership
249(1)
Leisure Programming from Feminist Perspectives
250(3)
What Researchers Can Do
253(3)
Finding the Answers to Empower Women
256(2)
Concluding Perspectives
258(1)
Discussion Questions
259(2)
Chapter Ten Women and Leisure: The Future Journey
261(28)
Women Have Come a Long Way--Maybe
262(2)
Introduction to the Future
264(1)
General Trends in Society
265(2)
Roles of Women in the Future
267(8)
The Future of Feminism
268(2)
Future of Women and Work
270(3)
Future of Women and the Family
273(2)
Micro Changes in Leisure for Women in the Future
275(3)
Macro Changes in Leisure for Women in the Future
278(1)
Scenarios About Women and Leisure in the Future
279(5)
"Handmaid's Tale" Scenario (Backlash View)
279(1)
"Wanderground" Scenario (Radical Feminism)
280(1)
The "Equal Rights" Scenario (Liberal Feminism)
281(1)
The "Social Issue" Scenario (Socialist Feminism)
282(1)
"Productive Work" Scenario (Marxist Feminism)
283(1)
Writing Our Own Future
284(2)
Concluding Perspectives
286(1)
Discussion Questions
287(2)
References 289(44)
Index 333

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