Cosmopolitanism in a Multipolar World Soft Sovereignty in Democratic Regional Powers

Popular wisdom, international relations scholarship, and much of rising powers' foreign policy rhetoric contends that such powers comprise a conservative coalition united by the desire to protect the principle of national sovereignty against its erosion. However, the empirical analysis of three democratic rising and regional powers' understandings and practices of political sovereignty suggests otherwise. On the basis of empirical research in Brazil, India, and South Africa, this book presents a descriptive analysis of the transformation of sovereignty in non-western contexts since the end of the Cold War. The book argues that the processes of change are most accurately captured by a novel ideal-type of 'soft sovereignty'. Soft sovereignty takes into account today's complex multi-polar order in a post-western world. Such a plural, embedded, and moderate cosmopolitanism is situated between globalism's demand for a world state and statism's defence of the status quo.

Dr. Johannes Plagemann is research fellow at the GIGA Institute of Asian Studies in Hamburg, Germany. He was a post-doctoral member of the Sofja-Kovaleskaja research group on 'Background Justice between States: Global Institutional Design to Foster Sovereign Statehood' at the Technical University Darmstadt (2014) and research fellow at the GIGA Institute of African Affairs (2010-2014). He teaches at the University of Hamburg and publishes in scholarly journals such as Globalizations and Global Justice: Theory Practice Rhetoric. Johannes Plagemann studied Philosophy and Economics in Bayreuth and Sao Paulo (BA) and Political Sciences in Hamburg and Bordeaux (MA). He did fieldwork in Mozambique, Brazil, South Africa, and India.

Acknowledgements
Glossary Of Acronyms
Introduction
PART I: COSMOPOLITANISM, SOVEREIGNTY AND MULTIPOLARITY
1.1 Regional and Rising Powers in International Political Theory
1.2 Cosmopolitanism
1.3 Cosmopolitan Sovereignty and Practice Dependency
PART II: THE TRANSFORMATION OF SOVEREIGNTY
2.1 Sovereignty on the Subnational Level
2.2 Sovereignty on the Transnational Level
2.3 Sovereignty on the Supranational Level
PART III: THE TRANSFORMATION OF SOVEREIGNTY IN BRAZIL
3.1 Subnational Level
3.2 Transnational Level
3.2.1 A New Institutional Layer?
3.2.2 Disillusionment and Consolidation
3.3 Supranational Level
3.3.1 Foreign Policy Thinking under Cardoso and Lula da Silva
3.3.2 Regional Integration
3.4 Brazil: Conclusion
PART IV: THE TRANSFORMATION OF SOVEREIGNTY IN INDIA
4.1 Subnational Level
4.2 Transnational Level
4.2.1 Participatory Experiments
4.2.2 Changing Forms of Protest
4.3 Supranational Level
4.3.1 India's Foreign Policy Thinking and National Sovereignty
4.3.2 Regional Integration
4.4 India: Conclusion
PART V: THE TRANSFORMATION OF SOVEREIGNTY IN SOUTH AFRICA
5.1 Subnational Level
5.2 Transnational Level
5.2.1 Forms of Engagement: Winners and Losers
5.2.2 Professionalism and Constituency Building in a Context of Fluidity
5.3 Supranational Level
5.3.1 South African Foreign Policy Thinking
5.3.2 Regional Integration
5.4 South Africa: Conclusion
PART VI: SOFT SOVEREIGNTY AND FACT-SENSITIVE COSMOPOLITANISM
6.1 Soft Sovereignty And Complex Multipolarity
6.2 Complex Multipolarity and Cosmopolitanism
6.3 A Moderate, Plural, and Embedded Cosmopolitanism for a Complex and Multipolar World
Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix