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9780030256318

Environmental Economics and Management Theory, Policy, and Applications, Updated

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780030256318

  • ISBN10:

    0030256313

  • Edition: 2nd
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 1999-07-26
  • Publisher: South-Western College Pub

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Summary

By retaining a strong focus on policy, Environmental Economics and Management: Theory, Policy, and Applications, 2/e provides an applied, practical approach to environmental economic theory accessible to students with small or vast economic knowledge. The textbook presents a broad study of environmental issues and explores economic theories to reinforce the lessons. Offering a long-lasting understanding of real-world environmental problems and policy solutions, Callan and Thomas provide a strong foundation for the environmental managers of tomorrow.

Table of Contents

PART ONE Modeling Environmental Problems 1(96)
The Role of Economics in Environmental Management
3(26)
Economics and the Environment
4(5)
The Fundamental Model of Economic Activity: The Circular Flow Model
4(2)
The Materials Balance Model
6(2)
Design for Disassembly: Materials Management at BMW
8(1)
Fundamental Concepts in Environmental Economics
9(5)
Identifying the Causes of Environmental Damage: Types of Pollutants
10(1)
Identifying the Sources of Pollution: Classifying Polluting Sources
10(1)
Identifying the Scope of Environmental Damage: Local, Regional, and Global Pollution
11(3)
Identifying Environmental Objectives
14(6)
Environmental Quality
15(1)
Conflict between Economic Development and the Environment: China's View
16(1)
Sustainable Development
17(1)
Biodiversity
17(1)
National Income Accounting and the Bias against Environmental Assets
18(2)
Environmental Policy Planning: An Overview
20(9)
Risk Assessment
20(1)
Risk Management
20(3)
The Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies: Valdez Principles
23(6)
Modeling the Market Process: A Review of the Basics
29(34)
Market Models: The Fundamentals
30(1)
Defining the Relevant Market
30(1)
Specifying the Market Model
30(1)
The Model of Supply and Demand: An Overview
30(2)
The Purpose of the Model
31(1)
Building a Basic Model: Competitive Markets for Private Goods
31(1)
Market Demand
32(6)
The Law of Demand
32(1)
Consumer Demand and Environmental Issues: What Really Matters?
33(1)
Modeling Individual Demand
33(1)
Deriving Market Demand from Individual Demand Data
34(4)
Market Supply
38(5)
The Law of Supply
38(1)
Modeling Individual Supply
38(1)
Profit Opportunities in Green Markets: Japan Takes the Lead
39(2)
Deriving Market Supply from Individual Supply Data
41(2)
Market Equilibrium
43(3)
Equilibrium Price and Quantity
43(1)
Market Adjustment to Disequilibrium
44(2)
The Economic Criteria of Efficiency
46(6)
Allocative Efficiency
46(1)
Recycling Efforts and the Volatile Market for Newsprint
47(5)
Technical Efficiency
52(1)
Welfare Measures: Consumer Surplus and Producer Surplus
52(11)
Consumer Surplus
53(2)
Producer Surplus
55(1)
The Welfare of Society: Sum of Consumer and Producer Surplus
56(1)
Measuring Welfare Changes
57(6)
Modeling Market Failure
63(34)
Environmental Problems: A Market Failure
64(1)
Environmental Quality: A Public Good
64(2)
Characteristics of Public Goods
65(1)
Modeling a Public Goods Market for Environmental Quality
66(8)
Allocative Efficiency in the Market for a Public Good
66(4)
Assessing the Implications
70(2)
Understanding the Market Failure of Public Goods Markets
72(1)
Boston Harbor: The Changing Condition of an Environmental Public Good
73(1)
The Solution: Government Intervention
74(1)
Environmental Problems: Externalities
74(5)
Informing the Public through Truth in Advertising: Green Marketing Guidelines
75(1)
The Basics of Externality Theory
76(1)
Environmental Externalities
76(1)
Tokyo's Just-in-Time Deliveries Create a Negative Externality
77(1)
An Industry Response to a Negative Consumption Externality: CD Product Packaging
78(1)
The Relationship between Public Goods and Externalities
79(1)
Modeling Environmental Damage as a Negative Externality
79(7)
Defining the Relevant Market
79(1)
Modeling the Private Market for Refined Petroleum
79(1)
Inefficiency of the Competitive Equilibrium
80(1)
Modeling the External Costs
81(1)
Modeling the Marginal Social Costs and Marginal Social Benefits
82(1)
The Efficient Equilibrium
82(3)
Measuring the Welfare Gain to Society
85(1)
Market Failure Analysis
85(1)
The Absence of Property Rights
86(11)
The Coase Theorem
87(1)
Bargaining When Property Rights Belong to the Refineries
88(2)
Bargaining When Property Rights Belong to the Recreational Users
90(1)
Limitations of the Coase Theorem
91(1)
Common Property Resources
91(1)
The Solution: Government Intervention
92(5)
PART TWO Modeling Solutions to Environmental Problems 97(58)
Conventional Solutions to Environmental Problems: The Command-and-Control Approach
99(24)
The Use of Standards in Environmental Policy
100(1)
Types of Environmental Standards
100(1)
The Economic Implications of Using Standards
101(1)
Are Environmental Standards Set at an Allocatively Efficient Level?
101(11)
The Marginal Social Benefit of Abatement
102(1)
The Marginal Social Cost of Abatement
102(1)
Industrial Pollution and Damages to Human Health: Catano, Puerto Rico
103(1)
Abatement Costs: The Promise of Remediation Technology
104(4)
Are Abatement Standards Set Efficiently?
108(4)
General Approaches to Implementing Environmental Policy
112(2)
Methods Used by Government to Reduce Environmental Pollution
113(1)
Is the Command-and-Control Approach Cost-Effective?
114(9)
The Cost-Ineffectiveness of the Technology-Based Standard
114(1)
The Cost-Ineffectiveness of Uniform Standards
115(8)
Economic Solutions to Environmental Problems: The Market Approach
123(32)
A Descriptive Overview
124(2)
Identifying Types of Market Instruments
124(2)
Pollution Charges
126(9)
Modeling a Product Charge as a Per Unit Tax
127(1)
Modeling an Emission Charge: The Single Polluter Case
128(3)
Modeling an Emission Charge: The Multiple Polluter Case
131(2)
Pollution Charges in Practice
133(1)
Taxing Gasoline Consumption: An International Comparison
134(1)
Environmental Subsidies
135(4)
Modeling an Abatement Equipment Subsidy
135(2)
Modeling a Per Unit Subsidy on Pollution Reduction
137(1)
State Subsidies for Recycling Programs
138(1)
Environmental Subsidies in Practice
139(1)
Deposit/Refund Systems
139(5)
The Economics of Deposit/Refund Systems
140(1)
Modeling a Deposit/Refund System
140(2)
Deposit/Refund Systems in Practice
142(1)
The Mechanics of a Deposit/Refund System: ``Bottle Bills''
143(1)
Pollution Permit Trading Systems
144(11)
The Structure of a Pollution Permit Trading System
144(1)
Modeling a Pollution Permit System for Multiple Polluters
145(4)
Pollution Permit Trading Systems in Practice
149(1)
Fighting Acid Rain with Pollution Rights: The First Annual Auction
150(5)
PART THREE Analytical Tools for Environmental Planning 155(126)
Environmental Decision Making: Public Policy Development
157(25)
A Model of Environmental Public Policy Development
158(7)
Phase I: Identification of the Environmental Problem
158(3)
How American Citizens Are Influencing Environmental Agenda
161(1)
Phase II: Environmental Decision Making and Risk Analysis
162(3)
Phase III: Environmental Policy Appraisal
165(1)
The Key Players in Environmental Decision Making
165(17)
Environmentalists
167(1)
Private Industry
168(1)
Working Together: Strategic Environmental Partnerships
169(2)
Government and Its Administrative Agencies
171(4)
Scientists
175(1)
Environmental Impact Statements under the NEPA
176(1)
Economics
177(5)
Environmental Risk Analysis
182(24)
Concept of Risk
183(2)
Classifying Risk: Voluntary and Involuntary Risk
183(2)
Defining Environmental Risk
185(1)
Risk Assessment in Environmental Decision Making
185(10)
EPA Declares Secondhand Smoke a Carcinogen
186(1)
Hazard Identification
187(2)
A Model for Assessing Ecological Risks Dose--Response Analysis
189(3)
EPA's IRIS: A Health Effects Database
192(1)
Exposure Analysis
192(1)
Risk Characterization
193(1)
The Dynamics of Risk Assessment: The Case of Dioxin
194(1)
Risk Management in Environmental Decision Making: Responding to Risk
195(11)
The Tasks of Risk Management
195(2)
Risk Management Strategies
197(1)
Using Comparative Risks to Communicate the Dangers of Radon
198(8)
Assessing Benefits for Environmental Decision Making
206(31)
Identifying and Valuing Environmental Benefits: Conceptual Issues
207(9)
Defining Incremental Benefits
207(1)
Incremental Benefit Estimates for Revising U.S. Particulate Matter Standards
208(1)
Defining Primary and Secondary Environmental Benefits
209(1)
Conceptually Valuing Environmental Benefits
209(4)
User versus Existence Value
213(1)
The Endangered Species Act
214(2)
Approaches to Measuring Environmental Benefits: An Overview
216(2)
Physical Linkage Approach to Environmental Benefit Valuation
216(1)
Behavioral Linkage Approach to Environmental Benefit Valuation
216(2)
Estimation under the Physical Linkage Approach
218(4)
The Damage Function Method
218(3)
Valuing Agricultural Benefits: The Case of Tropospheric Ozone Reductions
221(1)
Direct Estimation Methods under the Behavioral Linkage Approach
222(3)
The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM)
222(3)
Indirect Estimation Methods under the Behavioral Linkage Approach
225(12)
Averting Expenditure Method (AEM): An Indirect Approach Using Substitutes
225(3)
Travel Cost Method (TCM): An Indirect Approach Using Complements
228(3)
Hedonic Price Method (HPM): An Indirect Approach Using Product Attributes
231(6)
Assessing Costs for Environmental Decision Making
237(16)
Identifying and Valuing Environmental Costs: Conceptual Issues
238(5)
Defining Incremental Costs
238(1)
Explicit Environmental Costs
238(1)
Implicit Environmental Costs
239(1)
Conceptually Valuing Environmental Costs
239(4)
Estimation Methods for Measuring Explicit Costs
243(2)
The Engineering Approach
243(1)
The Survey Approach
244(1)
Cost Classification in Practice
245(8)
Cost Classifications by Economic Sector
245(3)
Abatement Control Costs on Motor Vehicles
248(1)
Cost Classifications by Environmental Media
249(4)
Benefit--Cost Analysis in Environmental Decision Making
253(28)
Adjusting for the Time Dimension of Environmental Benefits and Costs
254(6)
Present Value Determination
255(2)
Inflation Correction
257(1)
A Summary of Deriving Time-Adjusted Benefits and Costs
258(1)
An Example: Time-Adjusted Incremental Benefits
259(1)
The Final Analysis: Comparing Environmental Benefits and Costs
260(3)
Step One: Determining Feasibility
261(1)
Step Two: Decision Rules to Select among Feasible Options
262(1)
Reservations about the Use of Benefit--Cost Analysis
263(1)
Measurement Problems
263(1)
Equity Issues
264(1)
U.S. Government Support of Benefit--Cost Analysis
264(7)
Benefits, Costs, and Risk Analysis in Environmental Rulemaking
265(1)
Executive Order 12291: Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA)
266(3)
Executive Order 12866: Economic Analysis (EA)
269(2)
A Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA): Reducing Lead in Gasoline
271(10)
Estimating the Incremental Benefits of the Lead Standard Proposal
271(2)
Estimating the Incremental Costs of the Lead Standard Proposal
273(1)
Putting It All Together: Benefit-Cost Analysis
274(1)
The Final Decision
275(6)
PART FOUR The Case of Air 281(128)
Defining Air Quality: The Standard-Setting Process
283(39)
An Overview of Air Quality Legislation in the United States
284(6)
In the Beginning
285(1)
California Smog and the Automobile Industry
286(3)
Current U.S. Policy
289(1)
Defining the Objectives of Air Quality Control
290(2)
Identifying Major Air Pollutants
290(2)
Setting Standards as a National Definition of Air Quality
292(1)
Standards for Criteria Air Pollutants
292(1)
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
293(1)
Establishing an Infrastructure to Implement the Standards
293(6)
State Implementation Plans
293(2)
Air Quality Control Regions
295(1)
Reclassification of AQCRs to Protect ``Clean Air Areas''
295(1)
1990 Reclassification of Nonattainment Areas by Criteria Pollutant
296(1)
Monitoring Air Quality across Regions
296(2)
Market Incentives to Phase Out Lead Emissions
298(1)
Economic Analysis of U. S. Air Quality Policy
299(1)
A Benefit--Cost Analysis of the Clean Air Act
300(9)
A Benefit--Cost Analysis of the Pre-1990 Clean Air Act
300(5)
A Benefit--Cost Analysis of the 1990 Amendments
305(4)
A Benefit--Cost Analysis of the Air Quality Standards
309(13)
Absence of Cost Consideration in the Standard-Setting Process
309(1)
The Inequities of Air Pollution---Who Suffers More?
310(2)
Uniformity of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
312(10)
Improving Air Quality: Controlling Mobile and Stationary Sources
322(48)
Urban Air Pollution: An Important Policy Motivation
324(4)
Measuring U.S. Urban Air Quality
324(1)
Urban Smog
325(2)
Mexico City's Serious Smog Problem
327(1)
Controlling Mobile Sources
328(5)
The ``Big Three'' Form a Research Consortium in the 1990s.
329(1)
A Brief Retrospective on Motor Vehicle Emission Controls
330(1)
Current U.S. Controls on Motor Vehicles and Fuels
330(2)
Changing Fuels for America's Automobiles: The Pros and Cons
332(1)
Economic Analysis of Mobile Source Controls
333(9)
The Absence of Benefit--Cost Analysis: An Inefficient Decision Rule
334(1)
Uniformity of Auto Emissions Standards
335(3)
Inherent Bias against New versus Used Automobiles
338(1)
Implications of Clean Fuel Alternatives
339(1)
The ``Cash for Clunkers'' Program
340(1)
Are Fuel-Based Control Strategies Cost-Effective Solutions?
341(1)
Controlling Stationary Sources
342(7)
Age-Specific Control Differences: New versus Existing Sources
343(2)
Location-Specific Control Differences: PSD versus Nonattainment Areas
345(1)
Controlling Acidic Deposition
346(3)
Economic Analysis of Stationary Source Controls
349(21)
The Relative Cost of Using Command-and-Control Instruments
349(2)
Uniform Technology-Based NSPS
351(4)
The Dual-Control Approach and the New Source Bias
355(2)
The Economics of Market-Based Trading Programs
357(13)
Global Air Quality: Policies for Ozone Depletion and Global Warming
370(39)
The Problem of Ozone Depletion
371(2)
Searching for the Causes of Ozone Depletion
371(2)
Controlling Ozone Depletion
373(5)
International Agreements to Control Ozone Depletion
373(2)
U.S. Policy to Control Ozone Depletion
375(3)
An Economic Analysis of U.S. Policy on Ozone Depletion
378(4)
Searching for Alternatives to CFCs: The Corporate Response
381(1)
The Problem of Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming
382(5)
Understanding the Potential Problem
382(1)
Scientific Uncertainty
383(2)
Predicting the Potential Effects of Global Warming
385(2)
The Policy Response to Global Warming
387(5)
The International Response
387(2)
The U.S. Response
389(1)
Investigating Market-Based Policy Options
390(1)
The EPA's ``Green Lights Program''
391(1)
Economic Analysis of Global Warming Control Policies
392(17)
Estimating the Benefits of Controlling Global Warming: Two Opposing Views
393(2)
An Economic Model of the Market Failure
395(2)
Evaluating Market-Based Policies
397(1)
Environmental Least-Cost Planning: Utilities Learn the Economics of Pricing Pollution
398(2)
The Btu Tax: A Market-Based Energy Proposal
400(9)
PART FIVE The Case of Water 409(110)
Defining Water Quality: The U.S. Clean Water Act
411(39)
Understanding Water Resources for Policy Development
412(5)
Identifying Water Resources and Their Interdependence
412(3)
Targeting Water Quality Policy
415(1)
Deterioration and Restoration of the Chesapeake Bay
416(1)
Setting the Policy Agenda
417(1)
Water Quality Legislation in the United States: An Overview
417(6)
Early U. S. Water Quality Laws
418(1)
Evolving toward Today's Policy Position
419(1)
U.S. Policy to Protect Ocean Waters
420(2)
The Clean Water Action Plan
422(1)
Policy Objectives under the Clean Water Act
423(4)
The Zero Discharge Goal
424(1)
The Fishable--Swimmable Goal
424(1)
No Toxics in Toxic Amounts
424(1)
The Ecological and Economic Impacts of Oil Tanker Spills
425(1)
Identifying Pollutants under the Clean Water Act
425(2)
Defining Water Quality: Standard Setting under the Clean Water Act
427(2)
Use Designation
427(1)
Water Quality Criteria
427(2)
Analysis of Receiving Water Quality Standards
429(5)
Administrative Problems in Establishing Water Quality Criteria
430(1)
Absence of Benefit--Cost Analysis in Setting the Standards
430(2)
How Much Is Cleaner Water Worth to Marine Sportfishing?
432(1)
Lack of Consistency with the Technology-Based Effluent Limitations
432(2)
Benefit--Cost Analysis of U.S. Water Quality Control Policy
434(16)
Benefit--Cost Analysis of the FWPCA of 1972
435(4)
Advances in Benefit--Cost Analysis of U.S. Water Quality Policy
439(11)
Improving Water Quality: Controlling Point and Nonpoint Sources
450(36)
Controlling Point Sources: Effluent Limitations
451(2)
An Overview of the Effluent Limits and National Permits
451(1)
Technology-Based Effluent Limitations for Direct Industrial Dischargers
452(1)
Analysis of Effluent Limitations on Point Sources
453(6)
Administrative Delays
454(1)
Imprecise and Inconsistent Definitions
454(1)
Toxic Fish Consumption: Are the Risks Equitable?
455(1)
Meeting the Zero Discharge Goal
456(1)
The Absence Economic Decision Rules
456(3)
Waste Treatment Management and the POTW Program
459(1)
The Pre-1987 Federal Grant Program
460(1)
Shift to the State Revolving Fund (SRF) Program in 1987
460(1)
Analysis of the POTW Funding Program
460(5)
Assessing the Accomplishments Attributable to Federal Subsidies
461(1)
Inefficiencies in the Grant Program
462(1)
The POTW Grant Program: Displacement of Local Funding
463(1)
Equity Implications
464(1)
Controlling Nonpoint Sources
465(2)
The EPA's Nonpoint Source Agenda for the Future
466(1)
Analysis of Controls on Nonpoint Sources
467(4)
Delegating Control to the States: The Pros
467(1)
Delegating Control to the States: The Cons
468(1)
Analyzing the Federal Role in Nonpoint Source Controls
469(2)
Proposals for Reform: Using the Market
471(15)
Market Approaches to Point Source Pollution
471(1)
Germany's Effluent Charge System
472(4)
Market Approaches to Nonpoint Source Pollution
476(10)
Protecting Drinking Water: The U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act
486(33)
The Evolution of U. S. Safe Drinking Water Legislation
487(3)
Setting Standards to Protect Drinking Water
487(2)
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of 1974
489(1)
The Safe Drinking Water Amendments of 1986
489(1)
The Safe Drinking Water Amendments of 1996
490(1)
Objectives of the Safe Drinking Water Act
490(5)
Who Regulates the Quality of Bottled Water?
492(2)
Pesticides and Other Agrichemicals in U. S. Groundwater
494(1)
Pollutants Controlled under the Safe Drinking Water Act
494(1)
Setting Standards to Define Safe Drinking Water
495(4)
Establishing National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
495(3)
Strengthening Controls on Lead Contamination of Water Supplies
498(1)
Current Status of the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs)
499(1)
Establishing National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations
499(1)
Analysis of U.S. Safe Drinking Water Policy
499(9)
The Federal Role: Setting the Standards
501(3)
The Regulatory Impact Analysis(RIA) for the New Lead Standard in Drinking Water
504(2)
The State and Local Role: Compliance and Enforcement
506(2)
Economic Principles in Pricing Water supplies
508(11)
An International Comparison
508(1)
Pricing Practices of U.S. Water Utilities
509(10)
PART SIX The Case of Solid Wastes and Toxic Substances 519(102)
Managing Hazardous Solid Waste and Waste Sites
521(38)
Characterizing the Hazardous Waste Problem
522(5)
The Magnitude and Source of the Problem
522(3)
The Hazardous Waste Site Called Love Canal
525(2)
The Evolution of U.S. Solid Waste Policy
527(5)
Federal Recognition of the Solid Waste Problem
527(1)
Developing Policy to Control the Risks of Hazardous Wastes
527(4)
Hazardous Wastes from leaking Underground Storage Tanks
531(1)
Controlling Hazardous Wastes: RCRA
532(3)
The ``Cradle-to-Grave'' Management Approach
532(2)
Moving toward Pollution Prevention
534(1)
Analysis of U.S. Hazardous Waste Policy
535(10)
Risk-Based, Uniform Rules of Identification
535(1)
Benefit-Based, Uniform Standards
536(1)
Failures of the Manifest System
536(2)
Market Implications of the 1984 Land Restrictions
538(3)
INFORM's Study of Industrial Source Reduction Activities
541(3)
Market Instruments in Hazardous Waste Control Policy
544(1)
Using the Market to Control Hazardous Wastes
545(1)
Managing Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites: CERCLA
545(4)
Response and Cleanup
546(2)
Compensation, Liability, and Enforcement
548(1)
Emergency Planning
548(1)
An Analysis of Superfund
549(10)
Assessing Superfund's Performance
549(1)
What's Wrong with Superfund?
550(9)
Managing Municipal Solid Waste
559(32)
Characterizing Municipal Solid Waste
560(1)
Observing a Trend
560(1)
The Composition of MSW in the United States
561(7)
International Comparisons
563(2)
The Facts on Recycling Plastics
565(3)
The Policy Response: An Overview
568(3)
States' Responsibilities
568(1)
State Recycling Goals: New Jersey's Solid Waste Initiative
569(1)
Federal Responsibilities
569(1)
Germany's Green Dot Program
570(1)
The Current Policy Direction
571(1)
Modeling the Market for MSW Management Services
571(6)
The Supply of MSW Services
572(1)
The Demand for MSW Services
573(1)
Resource Misallocation in the Market for MSW Services
574(2)
Garbage or Resource? The Case of Scrap Tires
576(1)
A Market Approach to MSW Policy
577(14)
Back-End or Waste-End Charges
578(2)
Front-End or Retail Disposal Charges
580(1)
``Bag-and-Tag'' Systems: An Alternative to Seattle's Per-Can Pricing Scheme
581(2)
Deposit/Refund Systems
583(8)
Controlling Toxic Chemicals: Production, Use, and Disposal
591(30)
An Overview of U.S. Pesticide Controls: FIFRA
592(5)
A Brief Retrospective
592(1)
Controlling New Pesticides through Registration
593(1)
Pesticide Cancellation: The Case of Ethylene Dibromide
594(1)
Controlling Existing Pesticides through Reregistration
595(1)
Solving the Delaney Clause Dilemma
596(1)
Analysis of FIFRA
597(2)
Risk--Benefit Analysis under FIFRA
597(1)
Problems in Risk Assessment
598(1)
A New Policy Direction
599(1)
An Overview of U.S. Legislation on Toxic Substances: TSCA
599(3)
The Policy Response to Chemical Risks
599(1)
Controlling the Introduction of New Chemicals
600(2)
Controlling Existing Chemicals in Use
602(1)
Analysis of TSCA
602(2)
Risk--Benefit Analysis under TSCA
602(1)
Bias against New Chemical Introductions
603(1)
A New Policy Direction
604(1)
An Economic Analysis of U.S. Solid Waste and Toxics Policy
604(17)
Cost Analysis of U.S. Solid Waste and Toxic Control Policies
604(4)
Benefits of U.S. Solid Waste and Toxic Substance Control Policies
608(2)
Evaluating the Evidence
610(4)
Hazardous Waste Sites: Are the Risks Disproportionate?
614(7)
PART SEVEN Environmental Management in Transition 621(36)
Strategic Planning for Sustainable Development
623(34)
Sustainable Development
624(8)
Revisiting the Materials Balance Model
625(1)
A Short-Term Policy Approach
626(1)
Moving toward the Long Run: Sustainable Development
627(1)
The Potential Conflict between Economic Gain and Environmental Quality
628(3)
Industrial Ecosystems: When a Bad Becomes a Good
631(1)
Pollution Prevention
632(5)
Moving toward Pollution Prevention: U.S. Laws and Directives
633(1)
Strategies to Implement Pollution Prevention
633(1)
The Corporate Experience
634(1)
Economic Analysis of Pollution Prevention
635(2)
International Cooperative Arrangements
637(7)
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)
638(1)
International Agreements to Control Transboundary Pollution
639(2)
International Trade Agreements and Environmental Protection
641(1)
The London Dumping Convention (LDC): An International Agreement on Ocean Dumping Rules
642(2)
Domestic Partnerships
644(4)
Government-Sponsored Partnerships
645(1)
Cooperative Arrangements within Industry
646(1)
An Industry's Response to Pollution Prevention:The Chemical Manufacturers Association's ``Responsible Care Program''
647(1)
Education and Technology Transfer
648(9)
Environmental Literacy
648(1)
Information and Technology Transfer
649(8)
References 657(24)
Glossary 681(10)
Index 691

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