Produced for the International Association for Hydraulic Research, this monograph covers fluctuating and mean hydrodynamic forces, hydrodynamic forces on high-head gates, and hydrodynamic forces on low-head gates i.e. only the forces induced by flow incident or past the structure.

Preface

vii

Reviewers

ix

List of Symbols

xi

Introduction

1

(268)

Fluctuating and Mean Hydrodynamic Forces

Introductory remarks

4

(12)

Fluctuating and mean components of flow and forces

4

(1)

Description of flow and forces

5

(9)

Identification of sources for fluctuating forces

14

(2)

Fluctuating hydrodynamic forces

16

(65)

Forces induced by extraneous sources

16

(30)

Forces induced by flow instabilities

46

(13)

Forces due to structural movements

59

(9)

Forces induced by fluid oscillators

68

(9)

Practical examples

77

(4)

Mean hydrodynamic forces

81

(49)

Prediction using simple hydrodynamic principles

81

(11)

Prediction using computational methods

92

(5)

Prediction using empirical data

97

(2)

Mean forces on flow obstructions

99

(26)

Practical examples

125

(5)

Hydrodynamic Forces on High-Head Gates

Introductory remarks

130

(5)

Prediction of flow

135

(11)

Conditions of underflow

135

(6)

Conditions of overflow

141

(5)

Prediction of downpull

146

(24)

Downpull analysis

146

(4)

Conditions for large gate openings

150

(4)

Effects of gate-lip geometry

154

(8)

Effects of gate slots and water holes

162

(2)

Effects of approach flow conditions

164

(2)

Effects of gate movement and vibration

166

(2)

Effects of aeration and cavitation

168

(2)

Practical examples

170

(23)

Model studies

170

(6)

Case studies

176

(17)

Concluding remarks

193

(1)

Hydrodynamic Forces on Low-Head Gates

Introductory remarks

194

(5)

Gates with underflow

199

(18)

Prediction of flow

199

(8)

Prediction of hydrodynamic forces

207

(10)

Gates with overflow

217

(30)

Prediction of flow

217

(14)

Prediction of hydrodynamic forces

231

(16)

Gates with simultaneous overflow and underflow

247

(11)

Prediction of flow

247

(3)

Prediction of hydrodynamic forces

250

(8)

Practical examples

258

(10)

Gates with underflow

258

(6)

Gates with overflow

264

(4)

Concluding remarks

268

(1)

References

269

(16)

Name Index

285

(4)

Subject Index

289

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