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9780780311961

Power and Communication Cables Theory and Applications

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  • ISBN13:

    9780780311961

  • ISBN10:

    0780311965

  • Edition: 1st
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2003-01-23
  • Publisher: Wiley-IEEE Press
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Summary

Power and communication cables are frequently installed adjacent to each other, and hybrid cables that contain both power conductors and communication lines are increasingly popular. Power and Communication Cables is a convenient, single-source volume written for utility maintenance engineers, cable production and design engineers, and students to expand their knowledge of both types of cables in the power and communications fields. With contributions from leaders in the field, this book presents a detailed treatment of solid-liquid, polymeric, compressed gas, and cryogenic cables used in power transmission and distribution. In the area of communication, the contributors address the use of metallic conductor multipair and coaxial cables, as well as optical fiber cables. Power and Communication Cables provides in-depth discussion of the design, manufacture, testing, installation, and operation of power and communication cables. You will find essential information on the properties of materials and learn how they influence cable characteristics. Moreover, this interdisciplinary reference provides theoretical and practical insights into various aspects of cable engineering in both power and communication systems.

Author Biography

R. Bartnikas has been with the Institut de Recherche d'Hydro-Québec since 1968, where he has held positions as scientific director of the Materials Science Department and then Distinguished Senior Scientist. Prior to 1968, he was associated with the Cable Division and R&D Laboratories of Northern Electric (now Northern Telecom). He is an adjunct professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Waterloo and in the Department of Engineering Physics and Materials at École Polytechnique (Université de Montréal); he is a visiting professor at the University of Rome at La Sapienza.
Dr. Bartnikas is the editor of the ASTM monograph/book series Engineering Dielectrics and has coedited two books entitled Elements of Cable Engineering and Power Cable Engineering. Since 1968 he has been an active member of the IEEE Insulated Conductors Committee. Dr. Bartnikas is a Fellow of ASTM, the IEEE, the Institute of Physics, (U.K), the Royal Society of Canada (Academy of Science), and the Canadian Academy of Engineering.

K.D. Srivastava is emeritus professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, where he was head of the department and then a vice president. He was chairman of the Electrical Engineering Department at the University of Waterloo. Prior to moving to Canada, Professor Srivastava was a senior research engineer at Brush Electric Co. Ltd., Loughborough and a principal scientific officer at Rutherford High Energy Laboratory, Harwell, both in England.
Professor Srivastava has coedited two books on electric cables with Dr. Bartnikas: Elements of Cable Engineering and Power Cable Engineering. He has published over 150 technical reports and papers. Professor Srivastava is a Fellow of the IEEE, a Fellow of the IEE (U.K.), and a Fellow of the RSA (U.K.).

Table of Contents

Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxi
Cables: A Chronological Perspective
1(75)
R. Bartnikas
Preliminary Remarks
1(2)
Power Cables
3(32)
Oil-Impregnated Paper Power Cables
4(1)
Oil-Pressurized Power Transmission Cables
5(6)
Solid-Dielectric-Extruded Power Transmission Cables
11(3)
Solid Extruded Dielectric Power Distribution Cables
14(5)
Underwater or Submarine Cables
19(4)
Low-Loss Power Transmission Cable Systems
23(1)
Compressed SF6 Gas Power Transmission Cables
24(5)
Superconducting Power Transmission Cables
29(6)
Communication Cables
35(41)
Introduction
35(3)
Twisted-Pair Communication Cables
38(5)
Coaxial Cables
43(10)
Optical Fiber Cables
53(17)
References
70(6)
Characteristics of Cable Materials
76(95)
R. Bartnikas
Introduction
76(1)
Metallic Conductors
76(6)
Conductor and Insulation Semiconducting Shields
82(10)
Insulation
92(66)
Dielectric Characteristics of Solid and Solid-Liquid Systems
93(13)
Oil-Impregnated Paper
106(16)
Extruded Solid Dielectrics
122(1)
Natural Rubber
122(1)
Butyl Rubber
123(2)
Ethylene-Propylene-Rubber
125(2)
Silicone Rubber
127(1)
Polyethylene
128(6)
Crosslinked Polyethylene
134(3)
Comparison of EPR and XLPE Insulation
137(10)
Tree-Retardant XLPE
147(4)
Synthetic Solid-Liquid Insulations
151(4)
Gas-Solid Spacer Insulating Systems
155(3)
Materials for Protective Coverings
158(4)
Nonmetallic Sheaths
158(3)
Metallic Sheaths
161(1)
Armoring Materials
162(1)
Coverings for Corrosion Protection
163(1)
Conclusion
164(1)
Glossary of Cable Materials Technology
165(6)
References
165(6)
Design and Manufacture of Extruded Solid-Dielectric Power Distribution Cables
171(37)
H. D. Campbell
L. J. Hiivala
Introduction
171(1)
Design Fundamentals
171(11)
Inductance
176(3)
Capacitance
179(1)
Electric Stress
180(1)
Insulation Resistance
180(1)
Dissipation Factor
181(1)
Design Considerations
182(5)
Ampacity
183(1)
Shield Circulating Currents
183(1)
Proximity, Skin Effect, and Eddy Currents
183(1)
Emergency Overload Rating
184(1)
Earth Interface Temperatures
184(1)
Short-Circuit Currents
184(1)
Electric Stress
185(1)
Cable Insulation Levels
186(1)
Dielectric Loss
186(1)
Design Objectives
187(8)
Partial Discharge
187(2)
Temperature Ratings
189(1)
Conductor Constructions
189(1)
Shields and Jackets
190(2)
Portable Cables
192(1)
Aging of Underground Cables
192(3)
Solid-Dielectric Insulation Techniques
195(6)
Compounding
196(1)
Extrusion
197(1)
Vulcanization
198(2)
Recent Developments
200(1)
Related Tests
201(7)
References
204(4)
Extruded Solid-Dielectric Power Transmission Cables
208(35)
L. J. Hiivala
Introduction
208(1)
Historical Overview
208(1)
Development Trends
209(1)
Design and Construction
209(1)
Conductors
210(1)
Semiconducting Conductor and Insulation Shields
211(1)
Insulations
212(1)
Thermoplastic Polyethylene
213(1)
Crosslinked Polyethylene
214(3)
Ethylene-Propylene-Rubber
217(1)
Metallic Shields and Sheaths
218(1)
Tapes and Wires
218(1)
Laminate Shield
219(1)
Lead Alloy Sheaths
219(1)
Corrugated Sheaths
220(1)
Protective Coverings
221(1)
Polyvinyl Chloride
221(1)
Polyethylenes
222(1)
Manufacturing Methods
222(4)
Compounding
222(1)
Extrusion
223(1)
Crosslinking (Curing) Methods
223(3)
Testing
226(6)
Development Tests
226(1)
Prequalification Tests
227(1)
Type Tests
228(3)
Sample Tests
231(1)
Routine Tests
231(1)
Electrical Tests after Installation
232(1)
Accessories
232(8)
Preparations for Installation
232(2)
Extruded Cable Terminations
234(2)
Extruded Cable Joints (Splices)
236(1)
Tape Wrapped Joints
236(1)
Field-Molded Joints
236(1)
Prefabricated/Premolded Joints
237(1)
Extrusion-Molded Joints
238(2)
Transition Joints
240(1)
Concluding Remarks
240(3)
References
240(3)
Design and Manufacture of Oil-Impregnated Paper Insulated Power Distribution Cables
243(33)
W. K. Rybczynski
Brief History of Development
243(1)
Elements of Solid-Type Oil-Paper Cable Design
244(21)
Voltage Rating
245(1)
Insulation Levels
245(3)
Selection of Conductor Size
248(4)
Selection of Conductor Material and Construction
252(2)
Selection of Insulation Thickness
254(3)
Cable Impregnation
257(1)
Metallic Sheaths
258(5)
Protective Coverings
263(1)
Extruded Nonmetallic Coverings
263(1)
Fibrous Nonmetallic Coverings
264(1)
Metallic Coverings
264(1)
Cable Manufacture
265(6)
Hot Rolling of Copper Wire Bars
265(1)
Cold Drawing of Wires
266(1)
Annealing
266(1)
Conductor Stranding
266(1)
Insulating and Shielding
267(1)
Laying-Up Operation
267(1)
Impregnation
268(1)
Application of Lead Sheath
268(2)
Application of Protective Coverings and Armor
270(1)
Tests
271(1)
Electrical Characteristics
271(3)
Conclusion
274(2)
References
274(2)
Low-Pressure Oil-Filled Power Transmission Cables
276(20)
W. K. Rybczynski
Introduction
276(1)
Elements of Oil-Filled Cable Design
277(6)
Voltage Ratings
277(1)
Insulation Levels
278(1)
Selection of Conductor Sizes
278(1)
Selection of Conductor Material and Construction
278(1)
Selection of Insulation Thickness and Electrostatic Shields
279(1)
Dielectric Liquid Impregnants
280(1)
Metallic Sheaths
280(1)
Reinforcement of Lead-Alloy-Sheathed Cables
281(1)
Protective Coverings
282(1)
Cable Manufacture
283(1)
Self-Supporting Conductor
283(1)
Insulation and Shielding
283(1)
Tests
284(2)
Routine Tests
285(1)
Tests on Specimens
285(1)
Electrical Characteristics
286(2)
Dielectric Power Factor
286(1)
Ionization Factor
287(1)
Alternating-Current Withstand Voltage Level
287(1)
Impulse Withstand Voltage Level
287(1)
Principles of Oil Feeding
288(3)
Notes on Sheath Bonding
291(1)
Limitations of LPOF Cables
292(1)
Self-Contained High-Pressure Oil-Filled Cables
292(1)
Self Contained Oil-Filled Cables for dc Application
293(3)
References
294(2)
High-Pressure Oil-Filled Pipe-Type Power Transmission Cables
296(17)
W. K. Rybczynski
Introduction
296(1)
Principles of Operation
297(1)
Elements of Cable Design
297(4)
Voltage Rating
297(1)
Insulation Levels
297(1)
Selection of Conductor Sizes
298(1)
Selection of Conductor Material and Construction
298(1)
Selection of Insulation Thickness and Electrostatic Shield
298(1)
Impregnating Oil
299(1)
Moisture Seal and Skid Wires
299(1)
Carrier Pipe and Pipe Coating
299(1)
Coordination of Pipe and Cable Sizes
300(1)
Pipe Filling Oil
301(1)
Cable Manufacture
301(1)
Tests
302(2)
Routine Tests
303(1)
Tests on Specimens
303(1)
Electrical Characteristics
304(2)
Dielectric Power Factor
304(1)
Ionization Factor
305(1)
Alternating-Current Withstand Voltage Level
305(1)
Impulse Withstand Voltage Levels
306(1)
Principles of Oil Feeding
306(1)
Cathodic Protection
306(1)
Limitations of HPOFPT Cables
307(1)
Development of HPOFPT Cable for Higher Voltages in the United States
307(1)
Gas-Type Cables
308(2)
Gas-Filled EHV Cable
308(1)
Beaver and Davy Gas-Filled Cables
309(1)
Hunter and Brazier Impregnated Pressure Cables
309(1)
Pirelli Gas-Filled Cable
309(1)
High-Viscosity, High-Pressure, Gas-Filled Pipe-Type Cable
310(1)
Gas Compression EHV Cables
310(1)
Concluding Remarks
311(2)
References
311(2)
Voltage Breakdown and Other Electrical Tests On Power Cables
313(18)
H. D. Campbell
Introduction
313(1)
Alternating-Current Overvoltage Test
313(2)
Direct-Current Overvoltage Test
315(1)
Voltage Testing of Production Lengths
315(5)
Test Sets for Routine Measurements
316(1)
Routine Test Terminations
317(3)
Tests on Specimens
320(2)
Impulse Tests
322(9)
Necessity of Impulse Tests
322(2)
Lightning Impulse Waveform
324(1)
Impulse Generator
324(3)
Test Specimens
327(1)
Test Specimen Preparation
328(1)
Calibration Procedures
328(1)
Polarization Effects
329(1)
Impulse Testing as a Development Tool
329(1)
References
330(1)
Dissipation Factor, Partial-Discharge, and Electrical Aging Tests on Power Cables
331(96)
R. Bartnikas
Introduction
331(1)
Dissipation Factor of a Cable
332(3)
Bridge Techniques for the Measurement of tan δ
335(13)
Partial-Discharge Characteristics
348(9)
Partial-Discharge Measurements
357(18)
Partial-Discharge Site Location
375(12)
Discharge Pulse Pattern Studies
387(6)
Electrical Aging Mechanisms
393(8)
Accelerated Electrical Aging Tests
401(26)
References
418(9)
Field Tests and Accessories for Polymeric Power Distribution Cables
427(22)
H. H. Campbell
W. T. Starr
Introduction
427(1)
Alternating-Current Overvoltage Test
428(1)
Dissipation Factor (Power Factor) Test
429(1)
Insulation Resistance Test
430(1)
Partial-Discharge Test
431(1)
Direct-Current Overvoltage Test
431(1)
Direct-Current Test Procedures
432(1)
Interpretation of Test Results
432(1)
Question of Test Levels
433(1)
Direct Stress versus Alternating Stress Considerations
434(1)
Practical Test Levels
435(1)
Joints and Terminations
436(3)
Some Current Practices
439(10)
Taped Designs
439(1)
Shrink Back
440(1)
Modular Designs
440(6)
Tests
446(1)
Separable Connectors
446(1)
References
446(3)
Power Cable Systems
449(102)
G. Ludasi
Introduction
449(1)
Comparison of Overhead Lines and Cables
449(2)
Resistance
449(1)
Inductance
450(1)
Capacitance
450(1)
Overall Parameter Effects
450(1)
Radial Power Systems
451(2)
Radial Branches for Underground Residential Distribution
451(2)
Secondaries
453(1)
Looped Systems
453(3)
Open Loop
453(1)
Closed Loop
454(2)
Current-Carrying Capacity: Rating Equations
456(3)
Direct-Current Cables
459(1)
Calculation of Losses
459(12)
Resistance of the Conductor
459(1)
Skin Effect
460(1)
Proximity Effect
461(1)
Skin and Proximity Effects in Pipe-Type and SL Cables
462(1)
Dielectric Loss
462(2)
Losses in Cable Screens, Shields, and Sheaths
464(1)
Circulating Current Losses
464(2)
Losses in the Sheaths or Shields of Specially Bonded Systems
466(1)
Eddy Current Losses in Sheaths or Shields
467(1)
Calculation of Losses in Nonmagnetic Armor or Sheath Reinforcement
468(1)
Losses in Magnetic Armor
469(1)
Concentric Neutral Cable
469(1)
Pipe-Type Cable Losses and Losses in the Sheaths of SL Cables
470(1)
Losses in Steel Pipes
470(1)
Thermal Resistance of Cables
471(17)
Thermal Resistance of Insulation
472(1)
Single-Core Cables
472(1)
Three-Conductor Cables
473(2)
Thermal Resistance of Coverings over Sheaths, Shields, Armor, and Pipe (Oversheaths, Jackets, Bedding, Outer Serving)
475(1)
Pipe-Type Cables, Cables in Metallic Ducts
476(1)
External Thermal Resistance
476(1)
Thermal Resistance between Cable and Duct or Pipe (T'4)
477(1)
Cables, Ducts, or Pipes Laid in Free Air
478(2)
Thermal Resistance of a Single Buried Cable or Pipe
480(1)
Influence of Soil Conditions on the Design of Underground Lines
480(1)
Thermal Resistance of Groups of Buried Cables (Not Touching)
481(2)
Groups of Buried Cables (Identical) Equally Loaded and Touching
483(1)
Thermal Resistance of Duct or Pipe (T''4)
484(1)
External Thermal Resistance of Ducts or Pipes (T'''4)
485(1)
Cables or Ducts (Pipes) Embedded in Special Backfill, Duct Banks
485(2)
Cables in Buried Troughs
487(1)
Cyclic Loading
488(4)
External Thermal Resistance of a Single Buried Cable, Duct, or Pipe
490(1)
External Thermal Resistance of Groups of Equally Loaded Identical Cables
490(1)
Cables, Ducts, or Pipes Embedded in Special Backfill, Duct Banks
491(1)
Comparison of the Neher-McGrath and IEC Methods
491(1)
Short-Term Overloading
492(17)
Representation of the Dielectric: Long-Duration Transients (> 1/3 of TQ, Also for cyclic rating)
494(1)
Single-Core Cables
494(1)
Three-Core Cables
494(1)
Representation of the Cable: Long-Duration Transients (Also for cyclic rating)
495(1)
Self-Contained Cables with Impregnated, Laminated (Taped), or Extruded Insulation, Unarmored, and Thermally Similar Constructions
495(1)
Oil-Filled (Liquid-Filled) Pipe-Type Cables (High Pressure)
496(1)
Gas Pressure Pipe-Type Cables (No Filling Material or Armor) Also Three Single-Conductor Cables in Metallic Duct
497(1)
Cables in Ducts (Nonmetallic)
497(1)
Other Types of Cables and Installations
498(1)
Long-Duration Partial Transient of the Cable (Also cyclic loading)
498(1)
Long-Duration Partial Transient of the Cable Environment (Also cyclic loading)
499(1)
Buried Cables (Directly or in Ducts)
499(3)
Cables (Ducts) in Air
502(1)
Short-Duration Transients (Duration < 1/3 of TQ)
503(1)
Calculation of the Complete Temperature Transient
503(1)
Buried Cables (Directly or in Ducts)
503(1)
Cables (Ducts) in Air
503(1)
Correction to Transient Temperature Response for Variation in Conductor Losses with Temperature
504(1)
Dielectric Loss
504(1)
Dielectric Losses in Cables at Voltages Up to and Including 275kV
505(1)
Dielectric Losses in EHV Cables, Higher than 275kV
505(1)
Emergency Ratings
505(1)
General Remarks about Overloads and Emergency Ratings
506(2)
Other Methods for the Calculation of Short-Term Overloading
508(1)
Fault Currents
509(8)
Calculation of the Thermally Permissible Short-Circuit Current
512(1)
Adiabatic Method
512(2)
Comparison of the Adiabatic and Nonadiabatic Methods
514(1)
Nonadiabatic Method
515(2)
Cable System Economics
517(8)
Calculating Procedure
519(1)
Calculating Cost of Joule Losses
520(2)
Total Cost
522(1)
Determination of Economic Current Range for Given Conductor Size
522(1)
Economic Conductor Size for Given Load
522(2)
Dielectric Loss and Losses Due to Charging Current
524(1)
Design Considerations
524(1)
Choice of System Voltage
525(1)
Cable Selection and Installation Methods
526(6)
Directly Buried Cables
526(2)
Cables Installed in Ducts
528(1)
Pipe-Type Cables
529(3)
Cable Pulling
532(9)
Clearance between Cable and Duct or Pipe
533(1)
Jam Ratio and Configuration in Duct or Pipe
533(1)
Choice of Lubricant
534(1)
Pulling Forces in Pipe-Type Cables and Ducts
534(1)
Allowable Pulling Force
535(1)
Pulling Force in Bends and on Slopes
536(1)
Composite Curves and Angular Offsets
537(1)
Sidewall Pressure
538(1)
Bending Radii
538(3)
Cable Training in Manholes and at Terminations
541(1)
Curves on the Cable Route
541(1)
Choice of Cable Route and Manhole Location
541(10)
Manhole Design for Duct Installations
542(4)
References
546(5)
Cryogenic And Compressed Gas Insulated Power Cables
551(31)
K. D. Srivastava
Introduction
551(2)
Compressed Gas Insulated Transmission Line System
553(12)
Conductor and Sheath
554(1)
Insulating Gas
555(4)
Solid Spacers
559(3)
Power Rating
562(2)
Field Experience
564(1)
Cryoresistive Cables
565(3)
Taped Insulation Cables
565(3)
Vacuum Insulated Cryocable
568(1)
Superconductive Cables
568(8)
Union Carbide Design
571(1)
Brookhaven Design
571(2)
General Comments on Low-Temperature Superconducting Cables
573(1)
High-Temperature Superconducting Power Cables
574(2)
Economic Considerations
576(6)
References
578(4)
Underwater Power Cables
582(42)
R. T. Traut
Introduction
582(1)
Underwater Power Cable Design
583(13)
Configuration
583(1)
Single-Conductor Cables
583(3)
Three-Conductor Cables
586(1)
Mode as Related to Configuration
587(1)
Alternating-Current Systems
587(1)
Direct-Current Systems
588(1)
Electrical Core Design
588(1)
Conductor
589(1)
Insulation and Shields
590(2)
Sheath Design
592(2)
Reinforcement and Jacket Design
594(2)
Power Transmission Requirements
596(5)
System Power Transfer Requirements
596(1)
Selection of Voltage and Mode
596(1)
Ampacity and Electrical Losses
597(2)
Additional Shield and Sheath Design Consideration
599(1)
Additional Factors Regarding Cable Sizing and Losses
600(1)
Armor and External Protection Design
601(9)
Design Considerations
601(4)
Armor Size and Specification
605(2)
Armor Material
607(1)
Armor as Protection
607(3)
Special Application Designs
610(1)
Underwater Power Cable Manufacture
610(2)
Splicing
611(1)
Jacketing
611(1)
Armoring
611(1)
Handling
611(1)
Testing
612(1)
Cable Transport
612(1)
Underwater Power Cable Installation
613(11)
References
616(8)
High-Voltage Direct-Current Cables
624(28)
C. Doench
K. D. Srivastava
Introduction
624(2)
Electrical Behavior of DC Cables
626(12)
Stress Distribution and Maximum Current
627(8)
Direct-Current Cable Design: Numerical Example
635(3)
Transient Electric Stresses on HVDC Cables
638(1)
Design of HVDC Cables
639(3)
Parameter Contraints
641(1)
Outline of Design Procedure
641(1)
Selection of Materials
642(1)
Direct-Current Cable Accessories
643(2)
Background
643(1)
Hydraulic Systems
644(1)
Testing of DC Cables
645(2)
Load Cycling and Polarity Reversal Test
646(1)
Combined DC and Impulse Voltage Test
646(1)
Emerging Trends in HVDC Cable Technology
647(5)
References
648(4)
Telephone Cables
652(130)
R. Bartnikas
Historical Background
652(2)
Transmission Parameters of Copper Conductor Telephone Cables
654(3)
Digital Transmission
657(6)
Characteristics of Metallic Conductor Telephone Cables
663(20)
Twisted-Wire Multipair Cables
663(20)
Electrical Characteristics of Coaxial Cables
683(9)
Metallic Conductor Telephone Cable Design and Manufacture
692(16)
Twisted-Wire Multipair Telephone Cables
692(1)
Paper Ribbon Twisted-Wire Multipair Telephone Cables
692(5)
Paper Pulp Twisted-Wire Multipair Telephone Cables
697(1)
Plastic Insulated Cables
698(7)
Electrical Tests of Twisted-Wire Multipair Telephone Cables
705(2)
Outside Plant and Station Connection Wires and Cables
707(1)
Coaxial Cable Design and Construction
708(7)
Video Pair Cable Design and Construction
715(1)
Optical Fiber Telephone Cables
716(66)
Optical Fiber Manufacture
718(5)
Transmission Parameters of Optical Fibers
723(20)
Construction and Design of Optical Fiber Cables
743(6)
Fiber Cable Installation: Splices and Connectors
749(10)
Optical Fiber Transmission Systems
759(13)
References
772(10)
Undersea Coaxial Communication Cables
782(36)
R. T. Traut
Introduction
782(1)
Undersea Cable Telecommunications
783(14)
History of Undersea Telecommunications Via Cable
783(1)
Technical Challenges
783(4)
First Undersea Telegraph Cables
787(1)
First Undersea Telephone Cables
788(6)
Installed Transoceanic Cable Systems
794(3)
Undersea Coaxial Cable Design
797(21)
Design Requirements: Electrical
797(1)
Power Supply to System Repeaters
797(5)
Transmission Signal Multiplexing
802(1)
Undersea Coaxial Cable Design for Communications Transmission
802(7)
System Requirements versus Practical Design Limitations
809(2)
Design Requirements: Mechanical
811(1)
Fundamental Mechanical Requirements
811(2)
Evolution from External to Center Strength Designs
813(1)
Protection from Damage
813(1)
Practical Considerations Regarding Manufacturing. Installation, and Recovery
814(1)
Influence on Design of Undersea Digital Fiber-Optic Cables
815(1)
References
815(3)
Terrestrial and Underwater Optical Fiber Cables
818(28)
W. F. Wright
Introduction
818(2)
Low-Signal Loss and High Bandwidth
819(1)
Immunity to Electromagnetic Interference
819(1)
Small Size and Low Weight
819(1)
Security
819(1)
Safety
819(1)
Historical Perspective
820(1)
Optical Fiber Characteristics
821(6)
Physical Description
821(1)
Refractive Index and Total Internal Reflection
822(1)
Mechanical Characteristics
823(1)
Basic Optical Performance Characteristics
824(3)
Introduction to Fiber-Optic Cables
827(11)
Fiber-Optic Cable Design Criteria
828(1)
Terrestrial Outside Plant Fiber-Optic Cable
829(1)
Submarine Fiber-Optic Cable
830(4)
Specialized Fiber-Optic Cable Designs
834(1)
Optical Ground Wire Cable
834(1)
All-Dielectric Self-Supporting Cable
835(1)
Flame-Retardant Fiber-Optic Cable
836(1)
Hostile Environment Fiber-Optic Cable
837(1)
Introduction to Undersea Fiber-Optic Communication Systems
838(5)
Repeatered Undersea Fiber-Optic Communication System Technology
839(1)
Optical Amplifier Undersea Fiber-Optic Communication System Technology
840(3)
Concluding Remarks
843(3)
References
843(3)
Author Index 846(1)
Subject Index 847(10)
About the Editors 857

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