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9781420063172

Technology of Fluoropolymers, Second Edition

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9781420063172

  • ISBN10:

    1420063170

  • Edition: 2nd
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2008-09-19
  • Publisher: CRC Press

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Summary

Fully revised and updated, this second edition continues to provide industrial chemists, technologists, and engineers with the most accurate, compact, and practical source on fluoropolymers (such as Teflon). Highlighting new industrial, military, medical, and consumer goods applications, this edition adds more detailed information on equipment and processing conditions. It explores breakthroughs in understanding property-structure relationships, new polymerization techniques, and the chemistry underlying novel polymers, such as melt-processable fluoroplastics. It also expands upon critical environmental aspects of fluoropolymers, including heat degradation, health effects, and recycling.

Table of Contents

Preface to the First Editionp. xiii
Preface to the Second Editionp. xv
Acknowledgmentsp. xvii
About the Authorp. xix
Introductionp. 1
Basic Chemistry of Fluoropolymersp. 7
Polytetrafluoroethylenep. 7
Industrial Synthesis of Tetrafluoroethylenep. 7
Properties of Tetrafluoroethylenep. 8
Uses of Tetrafluoroethylenep. 9
Polymerization of Tetrafluoroethylenep. 9
Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP)p. 13
Industrial Synthesis of HFPp. 13
Properties of HFPp. 13
Industrial Process for the Production of FEPp. 14
Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) Resinp. 14
Industrial Synthesis of Perfluoroalkyl Vinyl Ether Monomersp. 14
Properties of Perfluoroalkylvinyl Ethersp. 15
Industrial Process for the Production of Perfluoroalkoxy Resinsp. 15
Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)p. 15
Industrial Synthesis of Chlorotrifluoroethylene Monomerp. 15
Properties of CTFEp. 15
Industrial Process for the Production of PCTFEp. 16
Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)p. 16
Industrial Synthesis of Vinylidene Fluoride Monomerp. 16
Properties of Vinylidene Fluoridep. 17
Industrial Process for the Production of PVDFp. 17
Polyvinyl Fluoride (PVF)p. 18
Industrial Synthesis of Vinyl Fluoride (VF) Monomerp. 18
Industrial Process for the Production of PVFp. 18
Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) Copolymerp. 18
Industrial Process for the Production of ECTFEp. 18
Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) Copolymerp. 19
Industrial Process for the Production of ETFEp. 19
Terpolymers of TFE, HFP, and VDF (THV Fluoroplastic)p. 19
Terpolymers of HFP, TFE, and Ethylene (Hexafluoropropylene, Tetrafluoroethylene, and Ethylene Fluoroplastic)p. 20
Fluorocarbon Elastomersp. 20
Industrial Process for the Production of Fluorocarbon Elastomersp. 21
Fluorosiliconesp. 21
Industrial Process for the Production of Fluorosiliconesp. 22
Phosphazenesp. 22
Properties of Commercial Fluoropolymersp. 29
Properties as Related to the Structure of the Polymersp. 29
Fluoroplasticsp. 29
Fluoroelastomersp. 33
Properties of Individual Commercial Fluoropolymersp. 34
Polytetrafluoroethylenep. 34
Copolymers of Tetrafluoroethylene and Hexafluoropropylene (FEP)p. 38
Copolymers of Tetrafluoroethylene and Perfluoroalkyl Ethers (PFA and MFA)p. 41
Copolymers of Ethylene and Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE)p. 43
Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)p. 44
Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)p. 47
Copolymer of Ethylene and Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE)p. 48
Terpolymer of Tetrafluoroethylene, Hexafluoropropylene, and Vinylidene (THV) Fluoride (THV Fluoroplastic)p. 48
Terpolymer of Hexafluoropropylene, Tetrafluoroethylene, and Ethylene (HTE) Fluoroplasticp. 49
Polyvinyl Fluoride (PVF)p. 50
Processing and Applications of Commercial Fluoroplasticsp. 57
Processing of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)p. 58
Processing of Granular Resinsp. 58
Processing of Fine Powdersp. 68
Applications for PTFEp. 71
Processing of Melt-Processible Fluoroplasticsp. 74
Melt-Processible Perfluoroplasticsp. 74
Processing of Other Melt-Processible Fluoroplasticsp. 75
Copolymers of Ethylene and Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE)p. 75
Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)p. 76
Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)p. 77
Copolymers of Ethylene and Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE)p. 77
THV Fluoroplasticsp. 77
Applications for Melt-Processible Fluoroplasticsp. 78
Applications for FEPp. 78
Applications for PFA and MFAp. 78
Applications for Copolymers of Ethylene and Tetrafluoroethylenep. 79
Applications for PVDFp. 81
Applications for Polychlorotrifluoroethylenep. 82
Applications for ECTFEp. 83
Applications for THV Fluorothermoplasticsp. 86
Applications for HTE Fluorothermoplasticsp. 87
Processing and Applications of Polyvinylfluoridep. 87
Processing of Polyvinyl Fluoridep. 87
Applications for Polyvinyl Fluoridep. 88
Properties, Processing, and Applications of Fluoroelastomersp. 93
Fluorocarbon Elastomersp. 93
Introductionp. 93
Properties Related to the Polymer Structurep. 94
Cross-Linking Chemistryp. 98
Formulation of Compounds from Fluorocarbon Elastomersp. 101
Mixing and Processing of Compounds from Fluorocarbon Elastomersp. 108
Solution and Latex Coatingp. 111
Curingp. 112
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cured Fluorocarbon Elastomersp. 113
Applications of FKMp. 117
Applications of FFKMp. 120
Applications of FKM in Coatings and Sealantsp. 122
Fluorosilicone Elastomersp. 122
Introductionp. 122
Polymerizationp. 123
Processingp. 123
Propertiesp. 124
Applicationsp. 128
Toxicity and Safetyp. 128
Technology and Applications of Aqueous Fluoropolymer Systemsp. 133
Introductionp. 133
PTFE Dispersionsp. 134
Other Perfluoropolymer Dispersionsp. 135
FEP Dispersionsp. 135
PFA and MFA Dispersionsp. 135
Dispersions of Modified PTFEp. 135
Dispersions of PTFE Micropowdersp. 136
Processing of PTFE Dispersionsp. 136
Impregnationp. 136
Fabric Coatingp. 137
Cast Filmsp. 142
Other Applications of PTFE Aqueous Dispersionsp. 147
Processing of Aqueous Dispersions of FEP and PFA/MFAp. 147
Processingp. 147
Applicationsp. 148
Processing of Aqueous Dispersions of Polyvinylidene Fluoridep. 148
Processing of PVDF Dispersionsp. 148
Applications of PVDF Aqueous Dispersionsp. 148
Aqueous Dispersions of THV Fluoroplasticsp. 148
Processing of THV Dispersionsp. 148
Applications of THV Dispersionsp. 148
Fluorocarbon Elastomers in Latex Form, Processing and Applicationsp. 149
Health and Safetyp. 149
Other Fluoropolymersp. 151
Amorphous Fluoropolymersp. 151
Applications of Amorphous Perfluoropolymersp. 154
Fluorinated Acrylatesp. 154
Applications of Fluorinated Acrylatesp. 154
Fluorinated Polyurethanesp. 156
Applications of Fluorinated Polyurethanesp. 156
Fluorinated Thermoplastic Elastomersp. 160
Applications of Fluorinated Thermoplastic Elastomersp. 161
Copolymers of Chlorotrifluoroethylene and Vinyl Etherp. 162
Applications of Copolymers of CTFE and Vinyl Etherp. 162
Perfluorinated Ionomersp. 163
Modified Polytetrafluoroethylenep. 164
PTFE Micropowdersp. 164
Effects of Heat, Radiation, and Environment on Fluoropolymersp. 171
Effects of Heatp. 171
Thermal Degradation of Perfluoroplasticsp. 171
Thermal Degradation of Other Fluoroplasticsp. 172
Thermal Degradation of Fluorocarbon Elastomersp. 173
Thermal Degradation of Fluorosiliconesp. 173
Effects of Ionizing Radiationp. 173
Effects of Ionizing Radiation on PTFE, FEP, and PFA/MFA (Methylfluoroalkoxy)p. 174
Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Other Fluoroplasticsp. 175
Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Fluorocarbon Elastomersp. 176
Effects of UV Radiationp. 176
Recycling of Fluoropolymersp. 181
Safety, Hygiene, and Disposal of Fluoropolymersp. 183
Safety and Disposal of Fluoroplasticsp. 183
Toxicology of Fluoropolasticsp. 183
Thermal Behavior of Fluoroplasticsp. 183
Medical Applicationsp. 185
Food Contactp. 185
Environmental Protection and Disposal Methods for Fluoroplasticsp. 185
Safety and Disposal of Fluoroelastomersp. 186
Safety and Hygiene in the Processing of Fluoroelastomersp. 186
Safety and Hygiene in the Use of Fluoroelastomersp. 186
Disposal of Production and Post-Consumer Fluoroelastomer Scrapp. 186
New Developments and Current Trendsp. 187
New Developments and Trends in Chemistry and Processingp. 187
New Developments in Polymerizationp. 187
New Developments in Processingp. 189
New Developments and Trends in Applicationsp. 190
Automotive Industryp. 190
Aerospace Industryp. 191
Telecommunicationsp. 191
Other Applicationsp. 191
Environmental Issues Regarding Fluorinated Substancesp. 191
Environmental Issues Involving Perfluorooctanoic Acidp. 193
Trade Names of Common Commercial Fluoropolymersp. 195
Acronyms and Abbreviationsp. 197
Glossary of Termsp. 199
Fluoropolymer Bibliographyp. 205
Properties of PTFE Resinsp. 207
Properties of Melt-Processible Fluoropolymersp. 213
Recent U.S. Patentsp. 217
Indexp. 219
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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