Town and Country Planning in the UK, 13th Edition

by Cullingworth, J. B.; Nadin, Vincent; Cullignworth, Barry

• ISBN13: 9780415217750
• ISBN10: 041521775X
• Edition: 13th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-11-09
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

Town and Country Planning in the UK has become the Bible of British planning. It is the most used and biggest-selling book in its field for university courses in the UK. This thirteenth edition has been completely revised, with every chapter updated, to take into account new developments, including the changes to the planning system and policies introduced by the Labour government, devolution to Scotland and Wales, new urban intiatives, innovation in sustainable development and the role of the European Union in spatial planning and environment policy. Detailed consideration is given to:* the nature of planning and its historical evolution* central and local government and the EU and other agencies* the framework of plans and other planning instruments* development control* land policy and planning gain* environmental and countryside planning* sustainable development, waste and pollution* heritage and transport planning* urban policies and regeneration* planning, the profession and the public

Author Biography

J. Barry Cullingworth is a Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Land Economy at the University of Cambridge, and Emeritus Professor of Urban Affairs and Public Policy at the University of Delaware.

Table of Contents

List of Figures	xiii
List of Tables	xv
List of Boxes	xvii
Preface	xix
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations	xxi
Internet Resources	xxxi
The Nature of Planning	1	(13)
Introduction	1	(1)
Conflict and Disputes	2	(1)
Planning, the Market and the Development Process	3	(1)
Rationality and Comprehensive Planning	4	(2)
Incrementalism	6	(1)
Implementation	7	(1)
The British Planning System in Comparative Perspective	8	(2)
Accommodating Change	10	(1)
Planning Questions	11	(1)
Further Reading	12	(2)
The Evolution of Town and Country Planning	14	(20)
The Public Health Origins	14	(1)
The First Planning Act	15	(1)
Interwar Legislation	16	(1)
The Depressed Areas	17	(1)
The Barlow Report	18	(1)
The Impact of War	19	(1)
The New Planning System	20	(2)
The Early Years of the New Planning System	22	(2)
Additional New Towns	24	(1)
The Rediscovery of Poverty	24	(2)
Land Values	26	(1)
Entrepreneurial Planning	26	(1)
The Environment	27	(1)
Road-building Policies	28	(1)
The Countryside	28	(1)
The Blair Government 1997-99	29	(2)
Whither Planning?	31	(1)
Further Reading	32	(1)
Notes	33	(1)
The Agencies of Planning	34	(42)
European Government	34	(1)
The Growing Influence of Europe	34	(1)
Britain in the EU	34	(1)
The European Council	35	(1)
The Council of the European Union (Council of Ministers)	35	(2)
The European Commission	37	(1)
The European Parliament	38	(1)
The Committee of the Regions	39	(1)
The European Courts	39	(1)
The Council of Europe	39	(1)
Central Government	40	(1)
Modernising Government	40	(1)
Organisational Responsibilities	41	(1)
The Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions	41	(2)
The Department for Culture, Media and Sport	43	(1)
The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs	43	(2)
Executive Agencies	45	(1)
The Planning Inspectorate	46	(1)
Central Government Planning Functions	46	(4)
Devolved and Regional Government	50	(1)
Devolution to Scotland and Wales	50	(1)
The Scottish Executive	50	(1)
The National Assembly for Wales	51	(1)
Northern Ireland	52	(1)
Towards Regional Government in England?	52	(2)
Regional Development Agencies	54	(2)
Funding of the RDAs	56	(1)
Local Government	56	(1)
Reorganising Local Government	57	(1)
The English Local Government Review	57	(1)
Local Government in Scotland	58	(1)
Scottish Local Government and `Community Planning'	59	(1)
Scottish Local Government and the Scottish Parliament	59	(4)
Local Government in Wales	63	(1)
Welsh Local Government and the Welsh Assembly	63	(1)
Local Government in Northern Ireland	64	(1)
The New Greater London Authority	64	(1)
Managing Planning at the Local Level	65	(3)
The Ethical Local Authority	68	(1)
Further Reading	69	(3)
Notes	72	(4)
The Planning Policy Framework	76	(44)
Introduction	76	(1)
Supranational Planning	77	(1)
The Rationale for Planning at the European Scale	77	(1)
Spatial Impacts of Community Policy: The Structural Funds and Community Initiatives	78	(2)
European Competences in Spatial Planning	80	(1)
What is Spatial Planning?	81	(1)
The Emergence of Supranational Plans	81	(3)
Interreg IIc	84	(1)
Convergence of European Planning Systems	85	(1)
National and Regional Planning	85	(1)
National Planning Guidance	85	(3)
Regional Planning Guidance	88	(4)
Development Plans	92	(1)
Establishing Development Plans 1947-68	92	(1)
Separating Strategy and Tactics from 1968	93	(2)
Evaluation of the 1968 Development Plans	95	(1)
Planning in London and the Metropolitan Countries from 1985	96	(1)
The Future of Development Plans	97	(1)
Development Plans in England since 1992	98	(1)
Development Plans in Northern Ireland	98	(6)
Development Plans in Scotland	104	(1)
Development Plans in Wales	105	(1)
The Content of Plans	105	(2)
The Statutory Procedures and Management of the Plan Process	107	(4)
Evaluation of the Impact of the Plan-Led System	111	(1)
Zoning Instruments	112	(1)
Best Value and Development Plans	113	(1)
Further Reading	114	(2)
Notes	116	(4)
The Control of Development	120	(40)
The Scope of Control	120	(1)
The Definition of Development	121	(1)
The Use Classes Order and the General Development Orders	121	(5)
Variations in Northern Ireland and Scotland	126	(1)
Special Development Orders	127	(1)
Withdrawal of Permitted Development Rights	128	(1)
The Planning Application Process	128	(1)
The Development Plan in the Determination of Planning Applications	129	(2)
Other Material Considerations	131	(1)
Good Design	131	(3)
Amenity	134	(1)
Conditional Permissions	135	(1)
Fees for Planning Applications	136	(1)
Planning Appeals	136	(3)
Call-in of Planning Applications	139	(2)
Enforcement of Planning Control	141	(1)
Revocation, Modification, and Discontinuance	142	(1)
Development by the Crown, Government Departments, and Statutory Undertakers	142	(1)
Development by Local Authorities	143	(1)
Control of Advertisements	144	(1)
Control of Mineral Working	145	(2)
Caravans	147	(1)
Telecommunications	147	(1)
Purchase and Blight Notices	148	(1)
Efficiency in Development Control	149	(4)
Further Reading	153	(2)
Notes	155	(5)
Land Policies	160	(36)
The Uthwatt Report	160	(1)
The 1947 Act	161	(1)
The 1954 Scheme: The Dual Land Market	162	(1)
The 1959 Act: The Return to Market Value	163	(1)
The Land Commission 1967-71	163	(1)
The Conservative Years 1970-74	164	(1)
The Community Land Scheme	165	(1)
Planning Agreements and Obligations	166	(2)
Planning and Affordable Housing	168	(2)
Land Policies in the 1980s	170	(1)
Land Availability and Urban Capacity Studies	171	(3)
Household Projections	174	(3)
New Settlements	177	(2)
Green Belts	179	(5)
Town Centres and Shopping	184	(1)
Vacant and Derelict Land	185	(1)
Contaminated Land	186	(2)
Scottish Land Reform	188	(1)
Further Reading	188	(4)
Notes	192	(4)
Planning, The Environment, and Sustainable Development	196	(35)
The Environment	196	(2)
Sustainability	198	(2)
Agenda 21 in the UK	200	(6)
Regional Sustainability Frameworks	206	(1)
Local Agenda 21	206	(1)
Environmental Politics and Institutions	207	(1)
The Impact of the EU	208	(2)
The Environment Agencies	210	(1)
BATNEEC, BPEO, and BPM	210	(1)
Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control	211	(1)
Penalties for Pollution	211	(1)
Economic Instruments of Environmental Policy	211	(2)
Local Environment Agency Plans	213	(1)
Clean Air	214	(1)
The Water Environment	215	(2)
Waste Planning	217	(2)
Noise	219	(2)
Environmental Impact Assessment and Appraisal	221	(2)
Strategic Environmental Assessment	223	(1)
Further Reading	223	(3)
Notes	226	(5)
Heritage Planning	231	(28)
Early Actions to Preserve	231	(1)
Conservation and Heritage	232	(1)
Heritage Responsibilities	233	(1)
Archaeology	233	(2)
Ancient Monuments	235	(1)
Listed Buildings	236	(2)
Criteria for Listing Historic Buildings	238	(2)
Public Participation in Listing	240	(2)
Conservation, Market Values, and Regeneration	242	(1)
Conservation Areas	243	(1)
World Heritage Sites	244	(1)
Historic Parks and Gardens	244	(1)
Churches	245	(1)
Funding for Conservation of the Historic Environment	246	(1)
Preservation of Trees and Woodlands	247	(2)
Tourism	249	(2)
The Heritage Review	251	(1)
Further Reading	252	(1)
Notes	253	(6)
Planning and The Countryside	259	(31)
The Changing Countryside	259	(3)
National Parks	262	(1)
The Broads, the New Forest, and the South Downs	263	(2)
Landscape Designations	265	(2)
Scottish Designations	267	(2)
Northern Ireland Designations	269	(1)
The Coast	269	(2)
Waterways	271	(1)
Public Rights of Way	272	(2)
Provision for Recreation	274	(1)
Countryside Grant Programmes	275	(2)
Nature Conservation	277	(2)
Biodiversity	279	(3)
Forestry	282	(1)
Integrated Countryside Planning	282	(2)
Further Reading	284	(3)
Notes	287	(3)
Urban Policies	290	(34)
Introduction	290	(1)
Inadequate Housing	291	(1)
Private-Sector Homes: From Clearance to Renewal	291	(1)
Housing Renewal Areas	292	(2)
Public-Sector Homes: Estate Action	294	(1)
Housing Action Trusts	294	(1)
Scottish Housing	295	(1)
The Emphasis on Area Policies	296	(1)
The Urban Programme	297	(1)
Policy for the Inner Cities and Action for Cities	297	(1)
Urban Development Corporations	298	(2)
Inner-City Initiatives	300	(1)
English Partnerships	301	(2)
City Challenge	303	(1)
The Single Regeneration Budget	303	(2)
The New Deal for Communities and Neighbourhood Renewal	305	(1)
Delivering an Urban Renaissance	306	(3)
Other Regeneration Experiments and Initiatives	309	(1)
Employment, Training, and Enterprise Agencies	309	(1)
The European Dimension to Urban Policy	310	(1)
Scottish Urban Policies	311	(2)
Northern Ireland	313	(1)
Evaluation of Urban Policy	314	(4)
Further Reading	318	(3)
Notes	321	(3)
Transport Planning	324	(31)
Mobility and Accessibility	324	(1)
The Growth of Traffic	324	(3)
Transport Policies	327	(1)
The Buchanan Report (1963)	328	(1)
Road Policies in the 1980s	329	(1)
Assessing the Need for Roads	330	(3)
Trunk Roads Review of 1994	333	(1)
Roads Policy since 1997	333	(2)
Integrated Transport Planning: PPG 13, Transport	335	(1)
The National Transport Debate and the `New Deal'	336	(1)
Implementation of the Integrated Transport Policy	337	(1)
Traffic Planning Machinery	337	(1)
Regional Transport Strategies	338	(1)
Local Transport Plans	338	(2)
Traffic Management in London	340	(1)
Walking and Cycling	340	(1)
Buses and Rapid Transit	341	(1)
Railways	342	(1)
Freight Traffic	343	(1)
Road User and Workplace Parking Charges	343	(1)
Green Transport Plans	344	(1)
Traffic Calming	344	(1)
Parking Restrictions and Standards	345	(1)
Scottish Guidance on Transport and Planning	346	(1)
European Union Transport Policy	347	(1)
Public Attitudes and the Future	347	(2)
Further Reading	349	(2)
Notes	351	(4)
Planning, The Profession, and The Public	355	(31)
Introduction	355	(1)
Participation in Planning	355	(3)
Local Choice	358	(2)
Public Participation in Plan-Making	360	(1)
Public Participation in Development Control	361	(2)
Rights of Appeal	363	(1)
Third Party Interests	364	(1)
The Use of Public Inquiries	364	(1)
Examinations in Public	365	(1)
Local and Unitary Development Plan Inquiries	366	(3)
The Human Rights Act	369	(1)
Interests in Planning	370	(1)
Race and Planning	370	(2)
Women and Planning	372	(1)
Planning and People with Disabilities	372	(1)
The Planning Profession and Planning Education	373	(2)
Access to Information	375	(1)
Maladministration, the Ombudsman, and Probity	376	(3)
In Conclusion	379	(3)
Further Reading	382	(1)
Notes	383	(3)
Bibliography	386	(50)
Official Publications	436	(30)
Planning Policy for England	437	(5)
Planning Policy for Northern Ireland	442	(1)
Planning Policy for Scotland	443	(2)
Planning Policy for Wales	445	(1)
European Union Planning Policy and Studies	446	(1)
Agencies of Planning	446	(2)
The Planning Policy Framework and Development Control	448	(2)
Land Policy	450	(2)
Housing	452	(1)
The Environment	453	(3)
Heritage Planning	456	(1)
The Countryside	457	(3)
Urban Policies	460	(1)
Transport	461	(3)
Planning, the Profession and the Public	464	(2)
Index of Statutes	466	(2)
General Index	468