Women and the Criminal Justice System : Gender, Race, and Class

by van Wormer, Katherine Stuart; Bartollas, Clemens

• ISBN13: 9780205294572
• ISBN10: 020529457X
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

Women and the Criminal Justice System focuses heavily on gender and ethnic diversity and on the strengths of oppressed people, especially women of color in criminal justice and social work. A wide range of issues are covered, from the rate of early childhood sexual abuse victimization in female inmates, to estimates of instances of male prison-guard-on-female-inmate rape, to the rate of women lawyers achieving partnerships in their firms. The authors provide a wealth of recent data drawn from both official and international human rights sources. The final portion of the book includes text and personal interview materials that are devoted to the justice occupations records of women's progress and setbacks in entering the traditionally male dominated fields of policing, the law, and corrections. For anyone interested in issues of race, class, and gender in criminal justice and social work.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
PART I Introduction	1	(20)
Gender, Patriarchy, and Social Control	3	(18)
The Study of Crime and the Male Perspective	4	(1)
Feminist Theories	5	(3)
Liberal Feminism	5	(1)
Socialist Feminism	6	(1)
Marxist Feminism	7	(1)
Radical Feminism	7	(1)
Oppression, Patriarchal Society, and the Criminal Justice System	8	(5)
Laws Defining Women's Place	9	(1)
Sexual Harassment of Women in Criminal Justice Institutions	10	(3)
Gender, Class, and Race and Women in the Criminal Justice System	13	(2)
The Empowerment Perspective	15	(1)
Summary	16	(5)
PART II Women Criminals	21	(62)
Women in Crime	23	(31)
Explanations of Female Crime	24	(13)
Sexism and Female Crime	26	(6)
Feminist Theory of Delinquency	32	(1)
Gender, Class, and Race	33	(4)
The Total Is Greater Than Its Parts	37	(1)
Extent and Nature of Female Crime	37	(7)
Is Female Crime Increasing?	37	(3)
Trends in Violent Crimes among Women Offenders	40	(4)
Women and Drug Offenses	44	(3)
Processing of Female Offenders	47	(2)
Summary	49	(5)
The Prison Environment	54	(29)
History of the Women's Prison	55	(3)
The Population Profile	58	(4)
Prison Structure	62	(5)
The Social World of the Women's Prison	63	(1)
Prison Families	63	(3)
Prison Sexuality	66	(1)
Attitudes toward Women in Prison	67	(2)
The Bad Mother Image	68	(1)
Degrading Practices	69	(3)
Prison Sexual Abuse	70	(2)
Inmate Litigation	72	(2)
Women on Death Row	74	(2)
Innovative Programs	76	(2)
Feminist Empowering Programs	76	(1)
Family Programs	77	(1)
Ethnic-Specific Programs	78	(1)
Summary	78	(5)
PART III Women as Victims and Survivors	83	(68)
Rape	85	(31)
Historical Overview	86	(3)
African American Women and Rape	87	(1)
Reconceptualization of Rape	88	(1)
Prevalence	89	(2)
Impact of the Mass Media	91	(4)
Blaming the Victim	92	(3)
Types of Rape	95	(6)
Acquaintence Rape	95	(2)
Mass Rape	97	(2)
Child Sexual Abuse	99	(2)
Criminal Justice Response	101	(3)
Victims' Rights	102	(2)
Psychological Trauma	104	(3)
Treatment and Empowerment	107	(3)
Denial-Avoidance	108	(1)
Guilt and Sexualization	108	(1)
Reexperience and Rage	109	(1)
Healing	110	(1)
Summary	110	(6)
Wife and Partner Abuse	116	(35)
Historical Overview	118	(1)
Nature and Scope of the Problem	118	(5)
Rates of Violence among Ethnic Minorities	120	(1)
International Research	121	(2)
Dynamics of Intimate Abuse	123	(2)
Martial Rape	125	(1)
Murder-Suicide	126	(1)
Women Who Kill Their Husbands/Partners	127	(2)
Theories of Partner Abuse	129	(3)
Societal Stress	129	(1)
Family Violence Framework	129	(1)
Systems Theory	130	(1)
Feminist Therapy	131	(1)
The Substance Abuse Connection	132	(3)
The Psychology of Male Abuse	135	(1)
Criminal Justice Process	136	(1)
Human Rights Issues	137	(1)
Empowerment	138	(6)
Crisis Intervention	138	(1)
Shelters for Battered Women	139	(3)
Treatment for Batterers	142	(2)
Summary	144	(7)
PART IV Women as Professionals	151	(88)
Women in Law Enforcement	153	(27)
A History of Women in Policing	154	(5)
Comparison of Male and Female Officers' Job Performance	159	(1)
Gender, Race, and Culture	159	(7)
Gender and Culture: Women Are Not Wanted---This Is a Man's Job	160	(3)
Sexual Harassment in the Police Culture	163	(2)
African American Women in Policing	165	(1)
Success in a Difficult Career Path	166	(3)
Legal Protections	169	(6)
United States Civil Rights Act	170	(1)
Fair Employment Practices (FEP)	170	(1)
Tort Laws and Criminal Charges	171	(1)
Statute 42 United States Code Section 1983	171	(1)
The Courts and Findings of Sexual Harassment	172	(2)
The Reasonable Woman Standard	174	(1)
Summary	175	(5)
Women in the Legal Profession	180	(27)
History of Women in Law	181	(5)
Law School Socialization	186	(1)
Patriarchal Nature of the World of Law	187	(2)
Legal Practice: Struggles in a Man's World	189	(3)
Women on the Bench	190	(2)
Race, Class, and Gender	192	(3)
Gender and Discrimination	192	(1)
Sexual Harassment	193	(1)
Synergistic Nature of Race, Class, and Gender	194	(1)
Mass Media Images	195	(2)
Television and Film Portrayals	197	(1)
Strengths of Women Attorneys	197	(4)
Significance of Women's Entrance into the Law	201	(2)
Summary	203	(4)
Women in Corrections	207	(23)
History of Women in Corrections	208	(2)
Women Probation Officers	210	(3)
Women Jail Officers	213	(1)
Women Wardens	214	(3)
The Correctional Counselor	217	(4)
Stages in Counselors' Correctional Careers	220	(1)
The Female Correctional Officer	221	(6)
Toxic Environment	222	(3)
Privacy--Equal Employment Dilemma	225	(1)
Comparison of How Female and Male Correctional Officers Do Their Jobs	226	(1)
Summary	227	(3)
Summary and New Directions for the Future	230	(9)
Theme of Gender, Class, and Race	230	(1)
Theme of Multiple Oppressions of Gender, Class, and Race	231	(1)
Theme of Male-Oriented Social construction of Knowledge	232	(1)
Importance of Social Context	233	(1)
Empowerment of Women Involved with the Justice System	234	(1)
Future Trends	235	(4)
Index	239