Wong and Whaley's Clinical Manual of Pediatric Nursing

by Wong, Donna L.; Hess, Caryn Stoermer

• ISBN13: 9780323009799
• ISBN10: 0323009794
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-01-01
• Publisher: Elsevier Science Health Science div

Summary

CLINICAL MANUAL OF PEDIATRIC NURSING provides the student and practicing nurse with a portable, convenient, and concise guide to the assessment of children, health promotion, and care during illness, hospitalization, and at home. Its use in the clinical setting allows nurses and students to access common pediatric data to help plan and implement care. Including virtually all aspects of health care for children, this book addresses acute care, nursing care plans, health maintenance, assessment, and home and community care. Includes a Free Pediatric Quick Reference full of helpful information that can be carried anywhere! (Includes a FREE Pediatric Quick Reference)

Table of Contents

Unit 1 ASSESSMENT
Health History	3	(10)
General guidelines for communication and interviewing	3	(1)
Specific guidelines for communicating with children	4	(1)
Creative communication techniques with children	4	(3)
Guidelines for using an interpreter	7	(1)
Outline of a health history	7	(1)
Summary of a health history	8	(5)
Physical Assesment	13	(56)
General guidelines for physical examination of the newborn	14	(1)
Summary of physical assessment of the newborn	14	(6)
Community focus: Early newborn discharge checklist	20	(1)
Community focus: Newborn home care following early discharge	20	(1)
Assessment of reflexes	21	(1)
Assessment of gestational age	22	(3)
General guidelines for physical examination during childhood	25	(1)
Age-specific approaches to physical examination during childhood	26	(1)
Outline of a physical assessment	27	(1)
Summary of physical assessment of the child	28	(40)
Assessment of cranial nerves	68	(1)
Family Assessment	69	(20)
Theoretic framework	69	(1)
Indications for comprehensive family assessment	69	(1)
Family assessment interview	70	(1)
Family assessment questionnaires	71	(7)
General guidelines for administration	71	(1)
Family APGAR	71	(1)
Feetham Family Functioning Survey	71	(4)
Coping-Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP)	75	(1)
Home Screening Questionnaire (HSQ)	75	(3)
Home Observation and Measurement of the Environment (HOME)	78	(1)
Family resource questionnaires	78	(1)
Family assessment diagrams	78	(11)
General guidelines for administration	78	(9)
Genogram (family tree, family diagram)	87	(1)
Sociogram	87	(1)
Family circle	87	(1)
Ecomap	88	(1)
Role rating scale	88	(1)
Assessment of Treatment	89	(5)
Infant Temperament Questionnaire (ITQ)	90	(1)
Toddler Temperament Questionnaire (TTQ)	91	(1)
Behavioral Style Questionnaire (BSQ)	92	(1)
Middle Childhood Temperament Questionnaire	93	(1)
Nutritional Assessment	94	(11)
Dietary history	94	(1)
Additional questions for infant feeding	94	(1)
Food diary	95	(1)
Food frequency record	96	(1)
Clinical assessment of nutritional status	97	(3)
Recommended dietary allowances	100	(1)
Community focus: Dietary reference intakes	101	(1)
Estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intakes of selected vitamins and minerals	102	(1)
Estimated sodium, chloride, and potassium minimum requirements of healthy persons	102	(1)
Median heights and weights and recommended energy intake	103	(1)
Ranges of daily caloric requirements at different weights under normal conditions	104	(1)
Ranges of daily water requirements at different ages under normal conditions	104	(1)
Sleep Assessment	105	(3)
Assessment of sleep problems in children	105	(3)
General history of chief complaint	105	(1)
24-Hour sleep history	105	(1)
Past sleep history	105	(1)
Two-Week sleep record	106	(1)
Typical sleep requirements in infancy and childhood	107	(1)
Growth Measurements	108	(19)
General trends in physical growth during childhood	108	(1)
Sequence of tooth eruption and shedding	109	(1)
Sexual development in adolescent males	110	(1)
Sexual development in adolescent females	111	(10)
Head circumferece charts	121	(1)
Triceps skinfold thickness	122	(1)
Midarm circumference	123	(1)
Height and weight measurements for boys in the United States	124	(1)
Height and weight measurements for girls in the United States	125	(1)
Growth standards of healthy Chinese children	126	(1)
Assessment of Development	127	(5)
Denver II	127	(3)
Item differences	127	(1)
Test form differences	127	(1)
Interpretation and referral	127	(3)
Revised Denver Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire	130	(2)
Assessment of Language and Speech	132	(2)
Major developmental characteristics of language and speech	132	(1)
Assessment of communication impairment	132	(1)
Clues for detecting communication impairment	133	(1)
Guidelines for referral regarding communication impairment	133	(1)
Denver Articulation Screening Examination	134	(1)
Assessment of Vision	134	(9)
Major developmental characteristics of vision	134	(3)
Clues for dectecting visual impairment	137	(1)
Special tests of visual acuity and estimated visual acuity at different ages	138	(1)
Letter or symbol vision acuity tests	139	(1)
Vision screening guidelines and referral criteria	140	(1)
Denver Eye Screening Test	141	(1)
Snellen screening	141	(2)
Assessment of Hearing	143	(4)
Major developmental characteristics of hearing	143	(1)
Assessment of child for hearing impairment	144	(1)
Clues for detecting hearing impairment	144	(1)
Selected hearing and tympanic membrane compliance tests	145	(2)
Summary of Growth and Development	147	(16)
Personality, moral, and cognitive development	147	(1)
Growth and development during infancy	148	(6)
Growth and development during toddler years	154	(2)
Growth and development during preschool years	156	(2)
Growth and development during school-age years	158	(2)
Growth and development during adolescence	160	(3)
Unit 2 HEALTH PROMOTION
Recommendations for Child Preventive Care	163	(1)
Nutrition	164	(19)
Vitamins and their nutritional significance	164	(5)
Minerals and their nutritional significance	169	(5)
Normal and special infant formulas	174	(4)
Guidelines for feeding during the first year	178	(1)
Developmental milestones associated with feeding	179	(1)
Servings per day for children and adolescents based on Food Guide Pyramid	180	(1)
Community focus: Healthy food choices	181	(1)
Sample menus for children and adolescents based on Food Guide Pyramid	182	(1)
Immunizations	183	(11)
Licensed vaccines and toxoids available in the United States and recommended routes of administration	183	(1)
Product brand names, manufacturers/distributors, and routes of administration for principal childhood vaccine types	184	(1)
Community focus: Improving immunization among children and adolescents	185	(1)
Recommended childhood immunization schedule, United States, January-December 1999	186	(1)
Recommended immunization schedules for children not immunized in first year of life in the United States	187	(1)
Routine immunization for infants and children---provincial and Territorial Schedules, Canada, 1998	188	(1)
Guide to tetanus prophylaxis in routine wound management, 1991	189	(1)
Recommendations for selected nonmandated vaccines	190	(1)
Possible side effects of recommended childhood immunizations and related nursing responsibilities	191	(1)
Contraindications and precautions for vaccinations	192	(2)
Safety and Injury Prevention	194	(15)
Child safety home checklist	194	(1)
Injury prevention during infancy	195	(2)
Injury prevention during early childhood (1--5 years of age)	197	(2)
Community focus: Reducing sun exposure	199	(1)
Community focus: Playground safety	199	(1)
Injury prevention during school-age years	200	(1)
Community focus: Animal safety	201	(1)
Community focus: Bicycle safety	202	(1)
Community Focus: Safe use of all-terrain vehicles	202	(1)
Community focus: Skateboard and in-line skate safety	202	(1)
Injury prevention during adolescence	203	(1)
Community focus: Steps for condom use	203	(1)
Guidelines for automobile safety seats	204	(5)
Parental Guidance	209	(3)
Guidance during infancy	209	(1)
Guidance during toddler years	209	(1)
Guidance during preschool years	210	(1)
Guidance during school-age years	210	(1)
Community focus: Collaboration between school nurses and teachers	211	(1)
Community focus: Violence in schools	211	(1)
Guidance during adolescence	211	(1)
Play	212	(7)
Functions of play	212	(1)
General trends during childhood	212	(1)
Guidelines for toy safety	213	(1)
Play during infancy	214	(1)
Play during toddlerhood	215	(1)
Play during preschool years	216	(3)
Unit 3 PEDIATRIC VARIATIONS OF NURSING INTERVENTIONS
Guidelines for Preparing Children for Procedures	219	(3)
General guidelines	219	(1)
Preparing children for procedures based on developmental characteristics	220	(2)
Play During Hospitalization	222	(2)
Functions of play in the hospital	222	(1)
Using play in procedures	222	(2)
Projects involving hospital routines and environment	222	(1)
Play activities for specific procedures	223	(1)
Informed Consent to Treat Child	224	(1)
General Hygiene and Care	224	(4)
Skin care	224	(3)
General guidelines	224	(1)
Neonatal guidelines	225	(1)
Pressure reduction/relief devices	226	(1)
Hair care	227	(1)
Mouth care	228	(1)
Procedures Related to Maintaining Safety	228	(3)
Transporting	228	(1)
Restraining methods and ``therapeutic hugging,''	229	(1)
General guidelines	229	(2)
Types of mechanical restraints	230	(1)
Positioning for Procedures	231	(4)
Extremity venipuncture or dermal injection	231	(1)
Jugular venipuncture	232	(1)
Femoral venipuncture	232	(1)
Subdural puncture (through fontanel or bur holes)	232	(1)
Nose and/or throat access	232	(1)
Ear access	233	(1)
Lumbar puncture	233	(1)
Bone marrow examination	233	(1)
Urinary catheterization	234	(1)
Collection of Specimens	235	(6)
Urine	235	(1)
Bladder catheterization	235	(2)
24-Hour urine collection	237	(1)
Stool	237	(1)
Respiratory (nasal) secretions	237	(1)
Sputum	237	(1)
Blood	238	(3)
Heel or finger	238	(1)
Vein	239	(1)
Artery	240	(1)
Implanted venous access device	240	(1)
Procedures Related to Administration of Medications	241	(9)
General guidelines	241	(1)
Estimating drug dosage	241	(1)
Approaches to pediatric patients	242	(1)
Safety precautions	242	(1)
Teaching family to administer medication	242	(1)
Oral administration	243	(1)
Intramuscular administration	244	(1)
Intramuscular injection sites in children	245	(2)
Subcutaneous and intradermal administration	247	(1)
Intravenous administration	248	(1)
Rectal administration	248	(1)
Suppository	248	(1)
Retention enema	248	(1)
Eye, ear, and nose administration	249	(1)
Eye medication	249	(1)
Ear medication	249	(1)
Nose drops	249	(1)
Nasogastric, orogastric, or gastrostomy administration	250	(1)
Procedures Related to Maintaining Fluid Balance or Nutrition	250	(4)
Intravenous fluid administration	250	(1)
Peripherally inserted central catheters	251	(1)
Long-term central venous access devices	251	(1)
Tube feeding	252	(2)
Gavage (nasogastric or orogastric tube) feeding	252	(1)
Gastrostomy feeding	253	(1)
Procedures Related to Maintaining Cardiorespiratory Function	254	(11)
Respiratory therapy	254	(3)
Oxygen therapy	254	(1)
Invasive and noninvasive oxygen monitoring	254	(2)
Aerosol therapy	256	(1)
Bronchial (postural) drainage	256	(1)
Cardiopulmonary resucitation (CPR)	257	(5)
One-rescuer CPR	257	(1)
Two-rescuer CPR for children over 8 years of age	258	(2)
Drugs for pediatric cardiopulmonary resucitation	260	(2)
Foreign body airway obstruction management	262	(3)
Signs of life-threatening obstruction	262	(3)
Unit 4 NURSING CARE PLANS
The Process of Nursing Infants and Children	265	(2)
Nursing diagnoses	265	(2)
Nursing Care of the Child and Family During Stress and Illness	267	(37)
The child in the hospital	268	(14)
The family of the child who is ill or hospitalized	282	(5)
The child with chronic illness or disability	287	(9)
The child who is terminally ill or dying	296	(8)
Nursing Care of Common Problems of Ill and Hospitalized Children	304	(41)
The child undergoing surgery	304	(4)
The child with elevated body temperature	308	(1)
The child with fluid and electrolyte disturbance	309	(4)
The child with special nutritional needs	313	(2)
The child in pain	315	(26)
The child at risk for infection	341	(2)
Child and family compliance	343	(2)
Nursing Care of the Newborn	345	(33)
The normal newborn and family	345	(5)
The high-risk newborn and family	350	(8)
The newborn with hyperbilirubinemia	358	(3)
The infant with respiratory distress syndrome	361	(1)
Neonatal complications	362	(16)
Nursing Care of the Child with Respiratory Dysfunction	378	(25)
The child with respiratory dyfunction	378	(3)
The child with acute respiratory infection	381	(7)
The child with a tonsillectomy	388	(2)
The child with acute otitis media	390	(2)
The child with asthma	392	(6)
The child with cystic fibrosis	398	(3)
The child with respiratory failure	401	(2)
Nursing Care of the Child with Gastrointestinal Dysfunction	403	(29)
The child with gastrointestinal dysfunction	403	(3)
The child with appendicitis	406	(2)
The child with acute diarrhea (gastroenteritis)	408	(5)
The child with inflammatory bowel disease	413	(2)
The child with peptic ulcer disease	415	(2)
The child with acute hepatitis	417	(1)
The child with celiac disease	418	(2)
The child with Hirschsprung disease	420	(1)
The child with intussusception	421	(1)
The child with enterobiasis (pinworms)	422	(1)
The child with giardiasis	423	(2)
The child with cleft lip and/or cleft palate	425	(2)
The infant with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis	427	(1)
The infant with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula	428	(2)
The infant with an anorectal malformation	430	(1)
Hernias and abdominal wall defects	431	(1)
Nursing Care of the Child with Cardiovascular Dysfunction	432	(12)
The child with cardiovascular dysfunction	432	(1)
The child who undergoes cardiac catheterization	433	(2)
The child with congenital heart disease	435	(3)
The child with congestive heart failure	438	(2)
The child with rheumatic fever	440	(2)
The child in shock (circulatory failure)	442	(2)
Nursing Care of the Child with Hematologic/Immunologic Dysfunction	444	(9)
The child with anemia	444	(3)
The child with sickle cell disease	447	(2)
The child with hemophilia	449	(2)
The child and adolescent with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection	451	(2)
Nursing Care of the Child with Renal Dysfunction	453	(6)
The child with nephrotic syndrome	453	(2)
The child with acute renal failure	455	(2)
The child with chronic renal failure	457	(2)
Nursing Care of the Child with Neurologic Dysfunction	459	(23)
The unconscious child	462	(4)
The child with a head injury	466	(2)
The infant with myelomeningocele	468	(2)
The child with hydrocephalus	470	(2)
The child with acute bacterial meningitis	472	(2)
The child with epilepsy	474	(2)
The child with cerebral palsy	476	(3)
The child who is paralyzed	479	(3)
Nursing Care of the Child with Metabolic Dysfunction	482	(4)
The child with diabetes mellitus	482	(4)
Nursing Care of the Child with Cancer	486	(17)
The child with cancer	486	(11)
The child with a brain tumor	497	(4)
The child with a bone tumor	501	(2)
Nursing Care of the Child with Musculoskeletal Dysfunction	503	(16)
The child who is immobilized	503	(5)
The child with a fracture	508	(3)
The child in traction	511	(4)
The child with structural scoliosis	515	(2)
The child with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis	517	(2)
Nursing Care of the Child with Sensory or Cognitive Impairment	519	(12)
The child with impaired vision	519	(3)
The child with impaired hearing	522	(4)
The child with mental retardation	526	(2)
The child with Down syndrome	528	(3)
Nursing Care of the Child with a Communicable and/or Skin Disease	531	(28)
The child with a communicable disease	531	(13)
The child with a skin disorder	544	(5)
The child with atopic dermatitis (eczema)	549	(2)
The adolescent with acne	551	(2)
The child with burns	553	(6)
Nursing Care of the Child with Psychophysiologic Dysfunction	559	(12)
The child with nonorganic failure to thrive	559	(2)
The child who is maltreated	561	(4)
The adolescent with anorexia nervosa	565	(3)
The adolescent who is obese	568	(3)
Nursing Care of the Child with Poisoning	571	(10)
The child with poisoning	571	(6)
The child with lead poisoning	577	(4)
Unit 5 COMMUNITY AND HOME CARE INSTRUCTIONS
Preparing the Family for Community and Home Care	581	(1)
How to Use the CHCI	581	(1)
Instructions Related to Hygiene and Care	582	(15)
Eliminating extra feedings at sleep times	582	(1)
Helping your child learn to fall asleep with the proper associations---the progressive approach	583	(1)
Helping your child learn to stay in bed	584	(1)
Caring for your child's teeth	585	(1)
Measuring your child's temperature	586	(5)
Obtaining a urine sample	591	(2)
Caring for the child in a cast	593	(3)
Preventing spread of HIV and hepatitis B virus infections	596	(1)
Instructions Related to Administration of Medications	597	(21)
Giving medications to children	597	(1)
Giving oral medications	598	(2)
Giving intramuscular (IM) injections	600	(3)
Giving subcutaneous (Sub Q) injections	603	(2)
Caring for an intermittent infusion device	605	(2)
Caring for a central venous catheter	607	(4)
Giving rectal medications---suppositories	611	(1)
Giving eye medications	612	(1)
Giving ear medications	613	(1)
Giving nose drops	614	(1)
Applying EMLA	615	(3)
Instructions Related to Alternative Feeding Techniques and Elimination	618	(11)
Giving nasogastric tube feedings	618	(2)
Giving gastrostomy feedings	620	(3)
Performing clean intermittent bladder catheterization	623	(3)
Caring for the child with a colostomy	626	(1)
Giving an enema	627	(2)
Instructions Related to Maintaining Respiratory Function	629	(23)
Suctioning the nose and mouth	629	(3)
Performing postural drainage	632	(3)
Caring for the child with a tracheostomy	635	(4)
Home apnea monitoring	639	(1)
Infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)	640	(2)
Child cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)	642	(3)
Caring for the choking infant	645	(3)
Caring for the choking child	648	(4)
Unit 6 REFERENCE DATA
Abbreviations Used in Laboratory Tests	652	(1)
Prefixes Denoting Decimal Factors	652	(1)
Common Laboratory Tests	653	(10)
Selected Resources on Pediatric Pain	663	(2)
Abbreviations and Acronyms	665	(1)
General abbreviations	665	(10)
Drugs	675