List of Tables | p. vii |
List of Figures | p. ix |
Foreword | p. xi |
Acknowledgments | p. xiii |
Executive Summary | p. xv |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Benefits for Water Utilities | p. 1 |
Criteria for Selection of Compounds | p. 2 |
Approach and Strategy | p. 2 |
Scope of This Report | p. 3 |
Selection of Compounds | p. 5 |
Background | p. 7 |
Nitrate Ion Photochemistry | p. 7 |
Photochemistry of the Fe[superscript 3+]/Fe[superscript 2+] System | p. 11 |
Photochemistry of the H[subscript 2]0[subscript 2]/Benzoate System | p. 12 |
UV Dose Monitoring Versus Reduction Equivalent Fluence | p. 13 |
Summary | p. 14 |
Nitrate Ion Photochemistry | p. 14 |
Photochemistry of the Fe[superscript 3+]/Fe[superscript 2+] System | p. 14 |
Photochemistry of the H[subscript 2]0[subscript 2]/Benzoate System | p. 14 |
Materials and Methods | p. 15 |
Overview | p. 15 |
Nitrate Ion | p. 15 |
Experimental Overview | p. 15 |
Tests and Reagents | p. 15 |
Analysis Methods | p. 17 |
The Fe[superscript 3+]/Fe[superscript 2+] and H[subscript 2]0[subscript 2]/Benzoate Systems | p. 17 |
Experimental Overview | p. 17 |
Reagents | p. 17 |
Experimental Waters | p. 18 |
Photolysis Experiments | p. 18 |
Fe[superscript 2+] Analysis | p. 19 |
H[subscript 2]0[subscript 2] Analysis | p. 19 |
Hydroxybenzoic Acid Analysis | p. 19 |
Results and Discussion | p. 21 |
Naturally Occurring Compounds | p. 21 |
Nitrate Ion | p. 21 |
Compounds Dosed | p. 31 |
The Fe[superscript 3+]/Fe[superscript 2+] System | p. 31 |
The H[subscript 2]0[subscript 2]/Benzoate System | p. 39 |
Summary | p. 42 |
Proposed System for Fluence Monitoring | p. 45 |
Introduction | p. 45 |
Proposed Monitoring Protocol | p. 45 |
Data Handling | p. 49 |
Calculation Procedure 1 | p. 49 |
Calculation Procedure 2 | p. 49 |
Calculation Exercise for Correction of Nitrite Data | p. 49 |
Conclusions | p. 51 |
Naturally Occurring Compounds | p. 51 |
Nitrate-Nitrite Conversion | p. 51 |
Compounds Dosed | p. 52 |
The Fe[superscript 3+]/Fe[superscript 2+] and the H[subscript 2]0[subscript 2]/Benzoate Systems | p. 52 |
References | p. 55 |
Abbreviations | p. 57 |
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